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on oxidic Mo/Ti02 catalysts. A surface Mo interaction species is formed up to Mo loadings of 2.5 wt % MoQ3 and is the oxidic precursor to the most active species for thiophene HDS (intrinsic thiophene HDS activity of 816 cm3 of C4 product/(h g of Mo03)). For higher Mo loadings, a second surface Mo interaction species is formed, which contributes to the background on the low-frequency side of the broad 950-960-cm-1 Raman peak and is less active for thiophene HDS (intrinsic activity of 250 cm3 of C4 product/(h g of Mo03)). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic data show that both Mo surface species have similar dispersions. Catalysts with Mo loadings of >8-9 wt % MoOa also contain bulk Mo03. The distribution of the three Mo species for the oxidic Mo/Ti02 catalysts is derived from Raman and HDS measurements.

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