As part of total watershed rehabilitation to improve fish habitats and water quality and to reduce flood hazards, 30–40‐year‐old, unused, largely impassable roads and landings in the Canyon Creek watershed within the North Fork Nooksack River watershed were decommissioned by stabilizing fills, removing stream crossings, recontouring slopes, and reestablishing drainage patterns to reduce the landslide hazards. The average cost for decommissioning a road was $3,500 per kilometer (for earthmoving by excavator and bulldozer) where considerable amounts of alder brush were cleared and sidecast material was pulled back upslope. Lower costs were associated with lesser earthmoving jobs; the highest costs resulted when fills at stream crossings or landings had to be removed. In contrast to unused roads not treated, decommissioned roads and landings were largely undamaged by rain‐on‐snow runoff that produced a 50‐year flood in the North Fork Nooksack River in November 1989 and sustained little damage during rain‐on‐snow runoff in November 1990 that severely damaged main haul roads in northwest Washington.

A federal, state, and private partnership leveraged resources and employed a long-term, systematic approach to improve aquatic habitat degraded by decades of intensive forest management in Finney Creek, a tributary to the Skagit River of Northwest Washington State. After more than a decade of work to reduce sediment sources and the risk of landslides within the watershed, log jam installation commenced in 1999 and progressed downstream through 2010. Log jam design was adapted as experience was gained. A total of 181 log jams, including 60 floating log ballasted jams, were constructed along 12 km of channel. The goal was to alter hydraulic processes that affect aquatic habitat formation along 39 km of stream with emphasis on 18.5 km of lower Finney Creek. Aquatic habitat surveys over a five-year period show an increase in the area of large pools and an accompanying increase in residual and maximum pool depth in the lower river reach. Channel cross sections show a generally deeper channel at the log jams, better channel definition in the gravel deposits at the head of the log jams, and improved riffle and thalweg development below the log jams. Stream temperature in the upper river decreased by 1.0°F in the first three years, and 1.1°F in the lowest treated reach over nine years. There is a trend of less stream heating over the restoration time period. Photo points show that riparian vegetation is recolonizing gravel bars.

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This chapter looks at the triumph of Francis Poulenc's Les Biches, in which he took some time to fully absorb it and what it meant for him as a composer. It clarifies the significance of triumphs for composers and how they pose the problem of acting as markers against which anything a composer writes thereafter will be judged. The chapter looks into Poulenc's two new works in the whole of 1924 that was given the title of a piano concerto: Trio for oboe in May and Poèmes de Ronsard in December. It mentions Poulenc's work on the third movement of Napoli and revision of the Impromptus. It also describes the Violin Sonata for Jelly d'Aranyi that ultimately met the familiar fate of most of Poulenc's works for strings.