A study was conducted to evaluate the e¡ect of di¡erent dietary carbohydrate to lipid (CHO:L) ratios on growth, digestive enzyme activities and nutrient utilization by jundia Ł Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard) an omnivorous cat¢sh native to Latin America. Groups of 40 ¢ngerlings were stocked in 24 tanks and fed eight isonitrogenous (41% crude protein) and isoenergetic (13.5 kJ g À 1 ) casein-based diets for 75 days. Diets had eight CHO:L ratios: 0.3:1, 1.0:1, 2.0:1, 3.4:1, 4.6:1, 5.3:1, 5.6:1 and 6.5:1, and were fed twice a day to apparent satiation. Increasing CHO:L ratio did not signi¢cantly a¡ect growth performance. However, the highest apparent net protein utilization was observed in ¢sh fed the 5.3:1 CHO:L diet. No di¡erences were detected among ¢sh on apparent net energy utilization.Whole body fat deposition decreased as dietary CHOL:L ratio increased (Po0.01). The highest fat deposition was observed in ¢sh fed the lowest CHO:L ratio diet. Liver glycogen showed a quadratic response to the increase on dietary carbohydrate concentration, which may suggest that dietary CHO:L ratios above 3.4 can cause metabolic burden for jundia Ł . Therefore, despite jundia Ł omnivorous feeding habit, our ¢ndings indicate that dietary dextrin concentration above 15.70% (CHO:L 5 5.3) are not well utilized by jundia Ł . Ã Mean AE standard error of three replicates. Means within a column are not signi¢cantly di¡erent by analysis of variance (ANOVA) andTukey's test (P40.05).Aquaculture Research, 2010, 41, 394^400 Non-protein dietary energy sources for jundia Ł G V Moro et al.

The responses of the digestive physiology of juvenile pacu to different diet processing were studied. Fish were fed with isoproteic diets with 260 g kg À1 of crude protein (CP) containing different levels of carbohydrate (DCh) (400 or 500 g kg À1 ), and two diet processing (pelletization or extrusion) for 90 days. Fish fed with extruded diets showed decrease of the gastrointestinal transit time (GI transfer) and of the amylase activity, but maltase activity did not alter. Protease activity of intestine depicted increase when the DCh was raised. The increase of DCh also caused enhancement of the apparent digestibility coefficient of CP (ADC CP ) in fish fed with extruded diets. Fish fed with pelletized diets showed increase of the amylase activity in pyloric caecum independently of the dietary carbohydrate level. No interaction was observed between dietary carbohydrate level and diet processing. Maltase activities from the stomach and intestine of pacu were not responsive to the carbohydrate level. The extrusion process improved the carbohydrate availability and the digestion efficiency of protein in pacu. Digestive enzymes of pacu were modulated either by nutrients or diet processing.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of macronutrients and essential amino acids on digestive process of the freshwater teleost Matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus). Juveniles were fed with diets containing starch plus free amino acids or oil plus free amino acids for 15 days. These fish were compared with others fed with diets containing starch or oil without addition of free amino acids. After the experimental span, 12 fish from each treatment were randomly sampled to collect stomach, pyloric cecum, anterior and posterior intestine for assaying digestive enzymes activity. Increase of gastric proteolysis due to dietary amino acids were observed. Amylolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic activities in intestine sections were also positive related to dietary amino acids. However, proteolytic and lipolytic activities in pyloric cecum were not responsive to dietary changes. Moreover, the absence of starch in the diets resulted in decrease of amylolysis, and very low levels of oil did not change the lipolytic activity. In conclusion, activities of amylase, protease and lipase of Matrinxãare selectively responsive to addition of free essential amino acids concerning the gut section.

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O ensino médio integrado pode propiciar ao estudante a educação básica e a formação profissional e, quando articuladas com ciência, cultura, tecnologia e política, a formação se torna completa e emancipadora. Investigou-se, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, quais são as concepções que os docentes do curso Técnico em Alimentos Integrado ao Ensino Médio do IFSP Barretos possuem sobre a formação integrada, questionando aos participantes sobre as propostas que conhecem, suas perspectivas e as dificuldades para efetivar a integração curricular com os princípios da formação humana. De forma geral, relataram que é preciso formação docente sobre os princípios e possibilidades para que possam ter condições de implementar o currículo integrado.