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A new genus and species of Papaverellus aureocingulatus from Brazil, belonging to the asilid subfamily, is described and illustrated. Photographs of the habitus of the male and female in lateral view, and male terminalia in ventral view are provided. The systematic position of Papaverellus gen. nov. is suggested and will be addressed in a future paper.

The second species of Neotropical genus Leinendera Carrera, 1945, Leinendera nigra sp. n. is described from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The habitus, wing, male terminalia of L. nigra sp. n. are described and illustrated. The diagnosis and illustrations of type-species Leinendera rubra Carrera, 1945 are provided.

Longivena gen. n. and five new species are described and illustrated from caatinga and cerrado habitats from Brazil: Longivena digitata sp. n., type–species (Maranhão, Bahia, Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso do Sul states), Longivena bilobata sp. n. (Maranhão state), Longivena flava sp. n. (Mato Grosso do Sul state), Longivena limeiraoliverai sp. n. (Maranhão state), Longivena spatulata sp. n. (Maranhão state). An illustrated key is also provided.

The geographic ranges of six species of Asilinae are extended: Anarmostus iopterus Loew, 1860; Cnodalomyia catarinensis Lamas and Mellinger, 2008; Cnodalomyia obtusa Hull, 1962; Eraxasilus pruinosus Carrera, 1959; Glaphyropyga pollinifera Carrera, 1945; Taurhynchus fervidus (Curran, 1934).

This paper documents the robber fly fauna collected in lowland rainforest in the southwesternmost part of French Guiana (Mitaraka). A total number of 146 asilid specimens were collected during the Mitaraka 2015 survey. These asilids represent six subfamilies, 23 genera, 16 described species, 28 morphospecies, and first records of 12 genera and 29 species for French Guiana. The subfamily Laphriinae Macquart, 1838 is clearly best represented with 14 genera and 28 species (especially Atomosiini Lynch Arribálzaga, 1882 with nine genera and 18 species), followed by Leptogastrinae Schiner, 1862 with three genera and seven species, Asilinae Latreille, 1802 with three genera and four species, Ommatiinae Hardy, 1927 with one genus and three species and Dasypogoninae Macquart, 1838 and Trigonomiminae Enderlein, 1914 with one species each. Eighteen and 11 species were collected as singletons or doubletons respectively, accounting for about 2/3 of all species observed. Pilica erythrogaster (Wiedemann, 1828) and Hybozelodes dispar (Hermann, 1912) (both Laphriinae) were collected in the largest numbers, but appeared to be restricted to a few sites. A six meter long Malaise trap yielded the largest diversity and highest numbers of asilids, accounting for over 2/ 5 of all species collected. Also the SLAM traps, the light trap and sweep netting were quite productive. A checklist of the French Guianan Asilidae is provided.

The second species of the Neotropical genus Cerozodus Bigot, 1857, Cerozodus brachylobus sp. nov. is described from Mirador, Maranhão state, Brazil and Cerozodus nodicornis (Wiedemann, 1828) is redescribed. The habitus, wing and male terminalia structures are described and illustrated.

During studies on tabanids (horse-fly) populations on Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the authors collected specimens of robber flies, which are predatory flies belonging to the dipteran family Asilidae. Robber fly species were identified as Lecania leucopyga (Wiedemann, 1828), Mallophora calida (Fabricius, 1787), Triorla striola (Fabricius, 1805) and an undetermined specimen of Taurhynchus genus. Lecania leucopyga (Wiedemann, 1828) and Triorla striola (Fabricius, 1805) are recorded for the first time in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.