La modelación de cuencas para el análisis hidráulico requiere estimar o contar con información de hidrogramas para utilizarlos como herramientas fundamentales para el estudio de inundaciones en épocas de crecidas o eventos extremos. En ese sentido, en el presente trabajo se realizó una modelación hidráulica 2D en Iber, con datos del huracán Matthew en el periodo del 26 de septiembre al 1 de octubre del 2010, para identificar y cuantificar las zonas con alta peligrosidad de inundación en la subcuenca Tesechoacán y, con ello, generar propuestas que ayuden a mitigar el impacto de acontecimiento futuros. Los resultados indicaron una superficie de 29 027.24 ha inundadas, con tirantes de hasta 7.45 m. También, se identificó que las zonas de mayor superficie con presencia de escurrimientos fueron las de pastizal cultivado y de agricultura, las cuales representaron 80.89 % del área total. En el mapa de peligrosidad, se observaron 33 localidades afectadas; de ellas, 56.9 % se catalogaron como zonas de peligrosidad alta. Debido a la poca información disponible, la validación del modelo se realizó mediante la comparación espacial de la llanura de inundación que se obtuvo en el modelo Iber, con una imagen SPOT 4 (HRVIR 1). El resultado fue una buena concordancia entre el modelo y la imagen de satélite. Finalmente, se propone para el control de inundaciones, el desazolve y la construcción de bordos marginales. Con base en la simulación realizada, la primera es una opción para disminuir hasta en 71 % el impacto de inundaciones en la subcuenca Tesechoacán.
El incremento de urbes pobladas y los actuales sistemas de drenaje potencializan la captación de agua de lluvia y su uso en agricultura urbana. El objetivo de este trabajo fue generar una metodología para estimar el volumen de captación de agua de lluvia para uso en agricultura urbana. Se estimó la superficie de dos techos urbanos con características contrastantes mediante imágenes obtenidas de la cámara transportada en un VANT. Se genera un modelo digital de superficie (MDS) y se identificaron los coeficientes de escurrimiento por subárea de captación. Con las normales climatológicas se calculó la precipitación media mensual. Se calculó el volumen de captación de agua de lluvia y se analizó su uso en el cultivo de lechuga. Los valores obtenidos de la estimación del volumen de lluvia a partir de las áreas de captación obtenidas del MDS y datos meteorológicos, permitió el análisis agronómico del cultivo.
On the market there are several LED lamps that were not designed to produce lettuce, however, they can be purchased at a low cost. In Mexico there is a lack of research on its use in small-scale vertical farms and hydroponic established in urban agriculture. The objective of this work was to measure the response of three commercial lamps with LED lights on the growth and morphogenesis of sangria lettuce grown in a low-cost home vertical farm. The sangria lettuce was subjected to three light intensities with different spectra and photoperiod after 30 days of growth the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves and fresh weight were measured, and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple comparison method was used through an algorithm designed in Python. According to the results, the highest fresh weight is made for a light intensity of 5700 lux. In the 2100 lux treatment, the highest height of the plant is performed and it was the treatment with the highest energy consumption. The production of lettuce at home is technically feasible, however, in addition to the light intensity, it is necessary to evaluate the quality (wavelengths) from the agronomic point of view.
Objective: To analyze conceptually the potential use of water that the technification of gravity irrigation allows in saving and generating alternatives of use according to the extrapolation of volumes, both in the agricultural sector or outside of it. Design/methodology/approach: The Modernized Gravity Irrigation Program (RIGRAT) will be evaluated, by measuring the volumes of irrigation used in the Irrigation Districts (ID) 075 Río Fuerte, 076 Valle del Carrizo, and 063 Guasave, Sinaloa, during the 2015-2018 agricultural cycles. The measured and statistical data are integrated for the analysis of volumes saved by the program and its national statistical projection. Results: The volume saved in the ID 075 was 2,401.02 thousand m3 (2.4 hm3) in 6,114.5 ha under technification of the RIGRAT program. The volume of water saved on that surface represents 10% of the water used by the industrial sector of Sinaloa. It is inferred that the modernization of the ID 075 Río Fuerte in the planted area of 289,780 ha, would imply a saving of 40% of the water that can be used in urban areas of Sinaloa. In the same agricultural sector, it would be possible to save a volume of 187 thousand m3, which represents 6.4% of the water used by the irrigation district at plot level. Limitations on study/implications: Current regulations do not allow the transfer of water volume in its different uses, with the aim of optimizing the value of water. Findings/conclusions: With actions implemented in the RIGRAT program, water saving is achieved at the farm level and there would be a great impact, since agriculture is the main consumer of water and there could be volumes saved to be used in other sectors.
Objective: To estimate the potential and current water erosion in the Necaxa system and to propose alternatives aimed to reduce the siltation problem in the hydraulic infrastructure.Design/methodology/approach: The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was applied, using a Geographic Information System to process the map algebra.Results: The current estimated water erosion was 159 t ha-1 per year; this factor impacts the loss of farmland and soil nutrients, the accumulation of matter towards urban areas, the siltation of riverbeds and dams, and the loss of the system’s hydraulic works capacity.Study limitations/implications: No data about runoff plots in the field is available; therefore, it is not possible to compare current water erosion values with those obtained by the USLE applied, using the map algebra technique. Findings/conclusions: The reforestation and conservation agriculture proposal would help to reduce erosion to 16 t ha -1 per year. However, if control actions are not carried out and the current vegetation cover is not preserved, the problem can increase until it reaches potential erosion values >200 t ha -1 per year.
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