The present study aimed to determine the influence of low-load (LL) resistance exercise (RE) with blood flow restriction (BFR) on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR), double product (DP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) during the phases of the menstrual cycle (MC). Thirty untrained women were randomly and proportionally divided into three groups: HI = high-intensity exercises (80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM)); LL = low-load exercises (20% of 1RM); and LL+BFR = LL exercises combined with BFR. The exercise sessions were performed during the 3 rd -4 th days (follicular phase), 16 th day (ovulatory phase) and the 24 th -26 th days (luteal phase) of the MC. Before and immediately after the exercises, SBP, DBP, HR and SpO2 were evaluated. We observed an increase in SBP, HR and DP in the three phases of the MC for all groups (p < 0.05). Groups LL and/or LL+BFR exhibited a greater increase in SBP, DBP, MBP, HR and DP when compared with the HI group (p < 0.05), and in the three groups, SpO2 was not reduced (p > 0.05). There was a significant effect of the MC phases on HR and DP (p < 0.05). We conclude that the three groups exhibited increased SBP, HR and DP; however, SpO2 was not different. Furthermore, groups LL and LL+BFR exhibited greater increases in hemodynamics, and the MC phases seem to influence only HR and DP.

The aim of this study was to analyse the serum concentrations of testosterone (T), cortisol (C), lactate (LAC), creatine kinase (CK) and glucose (GLU) on mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes, before and after a fight. We divided 20 MMA athletes into two groups of 10 fighters each, according to the result of a fight, and were then evaluated four times: 24 hours before (-24h), one hour before (-1h), immediately after (0h) and 24 hours after the fight (+24h). It was observed: a significant decrease in T and T/C between moment -24h and 0h and a subsequent increase between the moment 0h and +24h and a reverse behaviour in variables C, LAC and GLU (p<0.0001); a decrease in CK between moment -24h and -1h and an increase between moment -1h and +24h (p<0.0001); and differences between winners and losers T levels, in moments -24h, -1h, 0h and +24h (p = 0.009 e p < 0.001, p = 0.005 e p = 0,001, T and C, respectively), in T/C in the moments -24h and 0h (p=0.006 and p=0.001, respectively) and in GLU levels (p<0.0001) in the moment 0h. Therefore, it seems that an MMA fight leads to metabolic stress and muscle damage, regardless of the result of the fight. The coaches have now more biochemical and hormonal references and indicators in response to an MMA fight.

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MiRNAs profile and target genes involved in hypertension-associated vascular changes were evaluated. In addition, we checked the therapeutic role of exercise training (ET) on these parameters. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) aged 6 months and their controls Wistar Kyoto (WKY) were divided into 4 groups: SHR, trained SHR (SHR-T), WKY and trained WKY (WKY-T). Swimming ET consisted of 60 min of duration, 1x/day/10 weeks, with 4% caudal body weight workload. SHR showed an increased in systolic blood pressure (207 ± 5.5 mmHg) compared to WKY (133 ± 3.9 mmHg) analyzed by tail-cuff system, with no changes in baseline heart rate. We observed a reduction in VO 2 peak (WKY: 62 ± 1.5; SHR: 53 ± 2.5 mL.kg -1 .min -1 ) accompanied by soleus muscle atrophy (fiber type I - WKY: 4039 ± 195; SHR: 2658 ± 53; type IIa - WKY: 2903 ± 182, SHR: 2050 ± 68; Intermediate - WKY: 2663 ± 136, SHR: 1967 ± 95 μm 2 ) in SHR. Vascular function of femoral artery was similar in SHR and WKY, however, wall-to-lumen ratio was increased in femoral artery (WKY: 0.17±0.01, SHR: 0.27±0.01 a.u.) and muscular arteriole (WKY: 0.54±0.02, SHR: 1.14±0.03 a.u.) accompanied by capillary rarefaction (WKY: 1.2 ± 0.05, SHR: 0.6 ± 0.03 capillary-to-fiber ratio) in soleus muscle from SHR vs. WKY. In contrast, ET promoted reduction in blood pressure and resting bradycardia in trained animals. ET corrected the VO 2 peak reduction, muscle wasting, microvascular remodeling in SHR-T toward control levels. ET downregulated 8 miRNAs (-96, -205, -182, -146b-5p, -140, -328a, -665, -1) and upregulated 3 miRNAs (-499, -208b and -99b) in SHR-T when compared to SHR. Bioinformatics study for functional analysis of the predicted targets genes for the 11 miRNAs restored by ET demonstrated enrichment of different signaling pathways including cell death (p value <0.001; Fold enrichment 16.78) and vascular development (p value < 0.001; Fold enrichment 10.62). Thus, targets involved in angiogenesis and vascular integrity by the VEGF/VEGFR2/AKT/eNOS/Bcl-2 pathway were impaired in hypertension and corrected by ET. The results support the hypothesis that the structural changes arising from the progression of hypertension may be regulated by a set of miRNAs and target genes; and ET participates in restoring the vascular remodeling.

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The research is pre-experimental in nature. This research model consists of the application of experiments with nonrandomly formed sample groups, which are performed with the purpose of controlling the action of possible intervening factors and investigating degrees of change resulting from specific interventions in the dependent variables. All participants read and signed the informed consent form (TCLE). The sample was selected for non-random convenience.The following inclusion criteria were established: a) Not to perform regular physical activity in addition to the training prescribed during the study;

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