Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is an inflammatory Th1-driving cytokine that has been clinically used as immune therapy and vaccine adjuvant. Recently, it was reported that patients receiving IL-12 presented hyperalgesia. In the present study, we investigated the mechanical hyperalgesic effect of IL-12 in rats using two tests: 1) paw constant pressure and 2) electronic pressuremeter. In both tests, intraplantar administration of IL-12 (3-30 ng paw Ϫ1 ) caused a dose-and time-dependent mechanical hyperalgesia, which peaked between 3 to 5 h, remaining significantly different from control levels until 7 h and resolved 24 h postinjection. However, the same doses of IL-12 did not induce thermal hyperalgesia, determined using the Hargreaves test. Pretreatments with effective doses of indomethacin (2.5 mg kg Ϫ1 ), atenolol (1 mg kg dimethylpiperidinocarbonyl-L-␥-methylleucyl-D-1-methoxycarboyl-D-norleucine (BQ788) (ET B receptor antagonist; 3-30 nmol paw Ϫ1 ) did inhibit IL-12 hyperalgesia. Furthermore, neither pretreatment with effective doses of antiserum against rat-TNF-␣ (50 l paw Ϫ1 ) nor against IL-18 (10 g paw Ϫ1 ) inhibited the IL-12-induced hyperalgesia. Likewise, antiserum against IL-12 (10 ng paw Ϫ1 ) did not alter IL-18-induced hyperalgesia. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that IL-12 is a prohyperalgesic cytokine that induces mechanical hyperalgesia mediated by endothelin action on the ET B receptor. Therefore, endothelin receptor antagonism could be beneficial in controlling IL-12 therapy-induced pain or hyperalgesia.
Tooth avulsion is a very common event in children and emergency care procedures are crucial for case prognosis. As anyone at the moment of accident can provide first-aid measures, knowledge of school professionals dealing with children is of paramount importance. An informative campaign about dental trauma was performed in urban schools in the city of Adamantina, São Paulo state, Brazil, in an attempt to educate school professionals about emergency procedures in cases of tooth avulsion. A questionnaire arguing on personal information, tooth avulsion knowledge and personal impressions of the campaign was handed out for evaluation of the informative campaign. Eighty school professionals participated in the survey. Most participants were females (93.75%) aged 41-60 years old (53.75%) with a college degree (77.5%). Time at work ranged from 1-5 years (22.5%). The efficacy of the campaign was considered positive, as 100% of the interviewees replied to the importance of emergency procedures in case of tooth avulsion. In addition, 81.25% of the respondents answered that they would store the avulsed tooth in some storage medium, of which milk was the most frequently mentioned (84.61%). The participants considered the campaign as satisfactory and a region-wide campaign will be accomplished at other schools.
The purpose of this study was evaluating the damage caused by root planning through different types of instrumentation. To perform it, 30 artificial teeth were selected from Prodens trademark, and their roots were divided in longitudinal sense and later included partly in blocks type IV plaster. Next they were submitted to three different types of root instrumentation: manual, sonic and ultrasonic. In each group 15 strokes apex coronary was carried out. After the analysis of root structures, they were evaluated through a stereoscope with 8x magnification; the images were scanned and the damage caused to the dentin surface was measured in total area with software “Image J”. The measures noted were statistical analyzed trough the tests ANOVA/Tukey, comparing the different types of instrumentation. After instrumentation, statistical difference was found (p <0.001) among the three groups. A lower wear of the root structure was obtained with manual instrument with an average of 0.62mm2, followed by the sonic tool wear of 1.07mm2, but a greater wear was found with the ultrasonic instrument: 1.56mm2. In this study was possible conclude that the instrumentation with sonic and ultrasonic methods may provoke more damage in the root estructures.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.