The molecular characterization of ten genotypes of the
Spatial variation is a recurrent issue in field trials and can cause obstacles in terms of genetic selection. Analyses that account for spatial variation within location can lead breeders to predict genetic values accurately across locations in multi-environment trials (METs). The present study aims to fit spatial models for analyzing soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed composition traits using a two-stage analysis pipeline and to assess its efficiency relative to a single-stage analysis setting. Seed protein content (SPC), seed oil content (SOC), and seed storage protein content (SSP) data were collected from 283 soybean genotypes tested in four environments (C1, C2, V1, and V2). In Stage 1 of the two-stage analysis, a randomized complete block (RCB) design model as well as four two-dimensional first-order (AR1 ⊗ AR1) spatial models were fit in each dataset to determine the most suitable model for genetic prediction. Predicted genetic values were used as input data for Stage 2. The most used spatial model [5] in Stage 1 of this study had accommodated local and global residuals. The autocorrelation estimates depicted spatial trends, especially in terms of rows, while column autocorrelation coefficients were low for C1 and C2 because of the limited number of blocks and their short length. Broad-sense heritability, mean accuracy, and selection gains were greater for all traits in the two-stage analysis than in the single-stage analysis. The two-stage analysis leveraged the spatial model fitting in the Stage 1 and proved to be advantageous for soybean seed composition breeding.
USING ISSR FOR FINGERPRINTING ACCESSIONS OF BIRIBAZEIROABSTRACT-The biribazeiro is a fruit plant native from Amazonian and Atlantic forests, in Brazil. Their fruits have great popular acceptance for fresh consumption. The objective of this study was to measure the genetic divergence of biriba genotypes (Rollinia mucosa [Jacq.]Baill) using ISSR molecular markers. Sixteen genotypes of biriba were screened with 20 ISSR primers, which produced a total of 118 bands, with 96 polymorphic and 22 monomorphic fragments. The genetic dissimilarity values ranged from 0.0909 to 0.5147, based on the complement of the Jaccard index. The UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Average Method) grouped the accessions into six groups. The genotypes 1 and 5 were most dissimilar and 11 and 12 the most similar. The ISSR markers used in this study demonstrated the efficiency of molecular polymorphisms detection, revealing high genetic variability among the 16 accessions. So, it can be inferred that there is a considerable genetic variation among accessions of the biribazeiro, showing the importance of molecular markers in the analysis of variability of species poorly studied, as Rollinia mucosa [Jacq.]Baill.
The challenge of recovering degraded soils due to salinity excess leads to the search for more effective strategies that can overcome this problem. Among these, one of the approaches is the use of resistant plant varieties in affected areas. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different doses of salts on seed germination and seedling formation of two lettuce cultivars (Hanson and H121) and to verify the existence of tolerance among the cultivars. A completely randomized design was used in a 2x5x4 factorial scheme, where the cultivars were evaluated under five distinct salt doses (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mol.m-3, conductivities of 0.0, 2.8, 5.4, 8.0 and 10.6 dS.m-1, respectively), with four replicates. In this sense, the following variables were evaluated: germination rate (GR), germination speed index (GSI), seedling height (SH), root length (RL) and percentage of dry matter in relation to fresh matter (DM%). As a result, the Hanson cultivar presented better performance than the H121, under all the different salt doses, in all the studied variables. Also, the EC of 2.8 dS.m-1 did not affect any of the studied variables, including both cultivars. However, EC above 2.8 dS.m-1had, significantly, reduced the development of the cultivars. The Hanson cultivar was influenced only in the variables SH, RL and DM%, where and DM% were influenced by EC values above 8.0 and 10.6 dS.m-1, respectively. The cultivar H121 was significantly influenced by all evaluate dvariables, which demonstrates its greater susceptibility to salinity.
Yacon cultivation has been intensified and the investigations of this crop have increased at the scientific, agricultural, and social levels because the roots of yacon show beneficial properties for human health, such as reducing cholesterol and glucose blood levels. Since the investigations involving yacon are very recent, there is little information available in terms of the genetic characterization of the cultivated genotypes. In view of the lack of information on the accessions cultivated in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, this pioneering study aimed to characterize 60 accessions cultivated in the state using ISSR yacon markers with emphasis on identifying the genetic diversity among the materials. The 20 ISSR primers used produced a total of 82 fragments, 39.6% of which presented polymorphism. The number of fragments per primer ranged from 1 to 10. The dissimilarity values ranged from 0 to 0.54 according to the Jaccard coefficient. A dendrogram was generated in which the accessions were divided into 3 groups; group 1 contained 58 individuals and groups 2 and 3 had only one individual in each group. The clustering of 58 accessions in a single group shows the low diversity in the materials examined. This low diversity indicates that new genotypes must be introduced in order to promote increased variability, which would minimize the adverse effects caused by biotic and abiotic factors.
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