Due to the lack of the three main receptors, triple negative breast cancer (tnBc) is refractive to standard chemotherapy. Hence, alternate therapies are needed. tnBcs utilize glycolysis, which heightens their growth, proliferation, invasiveness, chemotherapeutic resistance and poor therapeutic response. this calls for novel therapeutic strategies to target these metabolic vulnerabilities present in tnBc. electroporation-mediated chemotherapy, known as electrochemotherapy (ect) is gaining momentum as an attractive alternative. However, its molecular mechanisms need better understanding. towards this, label-free quantitative proteomics is utilized to gain insight into the anticancer mechanisms of ECT using electrical pulses (EP) and Cisplatin (CsP) on MDA-MB-231, human tnBc cells. the results indicate that ep + CsP significantly downregulated 14 key glycolysis proteins (including ENO1, LDHA, LDHB, ACSS2, ALDOA, and PGK1), compared to CsP alone. EP + csp caused a switch in the metabolism with upregulation of 34 oxidative phosphorylation pathway proteins and 18 tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle proteins compared to CsP alone, accompanied by the upregulation of proteins linked to several metabolic reactions, which produce tcA cycle intermediates. Moreover, ep + CsP promoted multiple pathways to cause 1.3-fold increase in the reactive oxygen species concentration and induced apoptosis. the proteomics results correlate well with cell viability, western blot, and qPCR data. While some effects were similar for EP, more comprehensive and long-lasting effects were observed for EP + csp, which demonstrate the potential of ep + csp against tnBc cells. Breast cancer is the second major cause of cancer death (after lung cancer) in women. Annually, one million new patients are estimated to be diagnosed with breast cancer 1. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) contributes to about 15-20% of these cases. TNBC is a heterogeneous phenotype of the breast cancer, which lacks the expression of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptors 2. It has an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis 3 with a short 5 year survival and increased 3 year recurrence rates 4. There is a significantly increased likelihood of distant recurrence in TNBC (33.9%) compared to other breast cancers (20.4%) 3. Aggressive and metastatic behavior of TNBC with distinct molecular signature and absence of targeted therapies pose a major challenge in the treatment. Recent reports suggest that TNBC harbor alterations in their metabolism, which correlate with the increased growth, proliferation, invasiveness, chemotherapeutic resistance and poor therapeutic response 4-6. Particularly, TNBCs have elevated uptake and utilization of glucose and are highly dependent upon aerobic glycolysis 6,7 , while having disrupted mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) 8,9. The altered metabolism makes TNBC highly vulnerable to the inhibition of glycolysis, signifying that metabolic manipulation could be an ...

This paper studies the Early voltage behavior in circular gate partiallydepleted SOI nMOSFET. The drain/source asymmetric effects are considered in terms of drain current as a function of the gate and drain voltages. Drain current comparisons with rectangular gate partiallydepleted SOI nMOSFET are performed, regarding the same effective channel length and width. Experimental results and three-dimensional simulations are used to qualify the results.

The performance of advanced electronic ceramics is directly related to the synthesis route employed. Sol-gel methods are widely used for this purpose. However, the physicochemical intermediate steps are still not well understood. Better understanding and control of these processes can improve the final quality of samples. In this work, we studied theoretically the formation of metal complexes between citric acid and lithium or barium metal cations with different citric acid/metal proportions, using Density Functional Theory electronic structure calculations. Infrared and Raman scattering spectra were simulated for the more stable geometric configurations. Using this methodology, we identified some features of complexes formed in the synthesis process. Our results show that the complexes can be distinguished by changes in the bands assigned to C=O, COH-, and COO -group vibrations. An estimate of the most stable complexes is made based on total energy.

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New materials are currently being sought for use in active layers of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells, and computational modeling plays an important role in this search. Although open circuit voltage (V(oc)) is one of the fundamental quantities that determine the efficiency of a solar cell, there is no consensus on the best way to estimate this magnitude for new materials from calculations of the electronic structure. In this paper, we compare ways of predicting V(oc) values employing a diverse group of blends and conclude that it is possible to have a good prediction tool for organic solar cells based on phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) acceptor molecules.