At the shelf, highly bleached (soft and white) toilet papers samples of different brands and one grayish toilet paper sample of another brand have been selected for spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, in order to figure out if they can present allergic components in their chemical composition. Traces of Ca, associated with the presence of CaC 2 O 4 H 2 O was found in one of the highly bleached toilet paper samples and in the grayish one. However, no traces of fungi were found in the scanning electronic microscopy images. A trial correlation between the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the tested toilet paper samples, surprisingly shows that the grayish toilet paper sample presents the highest softness.
Simple and low-cost electrochemical cells for in-situ X-ray powder diffraction (XPD) at 8.04 keV (CuKα) and ex-situ scanning electronic microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) on the electrode surfaces are presented. Lead (Pb) and aqueous sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) solution (molar concentration of 5.35) were chosen as electrode and electrolyte, respectively. A formation of a crystalline lead sulfate (PbSO 4 ) on the Pb electrode surface with initial precipitation/nucleation at 1 h and a posterior crystal grow (with orthorhombic crystalline structure) on the Pb electrode surface, over the time (from 4 h to 12 weeks) was observed. The result is consistent with the literature, showing the full characterization capability of the proposed cells.
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