ABSTRACT. Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease. In spite of the advances made in recent decades, a better understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms of this disease is crucial. The development of new biomarkers is absolutely necessary to improve diagnosis and prognosis. Research using the proteomic approach has generated interesting results; however, the complexity of the mammary gland and of breast tumors remains a major limitation to the development of new markers. An initial step is to characterize non-tumoral human breast tissue. We present data from classical proteomic analysis based on 2-D electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting identification, which were performed on six non-tumoral samples from patients with invasive ductal breast carcinomas. Forty-four different proteins from 70 spots were identified and classified according to their biological function. Cytoskeleton and associated proteins represent the largest class (30%) followed by the proteins with binding function (27%). Several of the proteins have been described in breast tumors, such as vimentin, endoplasmin, small heat shock beta-6, disulfide isomerase ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 10 (4) 2430-2442 (2011) Proteomics of mammary tissue 2431and some cell growth, and proliferation regulators, suggesting the importance of including data on the characterization of non-tumoral breast and to studies on differential expression in cancer tissue.
RESUMO:A leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) é um grupo heterogêneo de doenças clonais do tecido hematopoiético, que é caracterizada pela proliferação anormal de células progenitoras da linhagem mielóide, resultando na produção insuficiente de células sanguíneas maduras normais, com a consequente substituição do tecido normal. O diagnóstico de LMA inicia-se a partir de uma suspeita clínica e se baseia na avaliação do sangue periférico e da medula óssea. O objetivo desta revisão é informar aos profissionais da saúde, que embora a morfologia continue sendo o fundamento para o diagnóstico, técnicas adicionais, incluindo imunofenotipagem, avaliação citogenética e estudos de genética molecular, tornaram-se essenciais e, em alguns casos específicos, são ferramentas complementares obrigatórias no auxílio ao diagnóstico. Palavras -Chave: Leucemia mielóide aguda; mielograma; imunofenotipagem; citogenética; biologia molecular. ABSTRACT:Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic tissue disease, which is characterized by abnormal proliferation of myeloid lineage progenitor cells, resulting in an insufficient production of normal mature blood cells, with the consequent normal tissue replacement. The diagnosis of AML begins from a clinical suspicion and based on the assessment of peripheral blood and bone marrow. The objective of this review is to inform health professionals, although the morphology remains the principal for diagnosis, additional techniques, including immunophenotyping, cytogenetic evaluation and molecular genetic studies have become essential and specific in some cases and are complementary tools at diagnosis.
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