This paper presents the induced generalized ordered weighted logarithmic aggregation (IGOWLA) operator, this operator is an extension of the generalized ordered weighted logarithmic aggregation (GOWLA) operator. It uses order-induced variables that modify the reordering process of the arguments included in the aggregation. The principal advantage of the introduced induced mechanism is the consideration of highly complex attitude from the decision makers. We study some families of the IGOWLA operator as measures for the characterization of the weighting vector. This paper presents the general formulation of the operator and some special cases, including the induced ordered weighted logarithmic geometric averaging (IOWLGA) operator and the induced ordered weighted logarithmic aggregation (IOWLA). Further generalizations using quasi-arithmetic mean are also proposed. Finally, an illustrative example of a group decision-making procedure using a multi-person analysis and the IGOWLA operator in the area of innovation management is analyzed.
Variance, as a measurement of dispersion, is a basic component of decision-making processes. Recent advances in intelligent systems have included the concept of variance in information fusion techniques for decision-making under uncertainty. These dispersion measures broaden the spectrum of decision makers by extending the toolset for the analysis and modeling of problems. This paper introduces some variance logarithmic averaging operators, including the variance generalized ordered weighted averaging (Var-GOWLA) operator and the induced variance generalized ordered weighted averaging (Var-IGOWLA) operator. Moreover, this paper analyzes some properties, families and particular cases of the proposed operators. Finally, an illustrative example of the characteristic design of the operators is proposed using real-world information retrieved from financial markets. The objective of this paper is to analyze the performance of some equities based on the expected payoff and the dispersion of its elements. Results show that the equity payoff results present diverse rankings combined with the proposed operators, and the introduced variance measures aid decision-making by offering new tools for information analysis. These results are particularly interesting when selecting logarithmic averaging operators for decision-making processes. The approach presented in this paper extends the available tools for decision-making under ignorance, uncertainty, and subjective environments.
Si bien es cierto que hay límites económicos que permiten materializar o no la implementación de políticas públicas, también es cierto que todo Estado Constitucional de derecho ha establecido un mínimo vital como obligatorio, es decir, derechos fundamentales mínimos que el Estado está obligado a otorgar a su ciudadano. Lo anterior es así, ya que nuestro sistema jurídico expresa el reconocimiento de principios de justicia de la máxima importancia moral, es decir Derechos Humanos, los cuales tiene prioridad prima facie frente a cualquier otro derecho objetivo social o colectivo, pues en una sociedad liberal y democrática, estos últimos tienen solamente valor instrumental y no final (Semanario Judicial de la Federación, 2017). Es por ello que se propone el estudio de políticas públicas en materia de Derechos Fundamentales, que trasciende de resolver un problema a materializar derechos subjetivos mediante instrumentos objetivos.
Las finanzas públicas de los gobiernos locales y, de manera específica el de las entidades federativas en México, dependen de los recursos económicos provenientes del gobierno federal (transferencias), por consiguiente, en los últimos 35 años los estados han adoptado una actitud conformista, no interesándoles la generación de ingresos propios, ni el modo de eficientar la asignación del gasto con recursos federales, así como la irresponsabilidad en la contratación de financiamiento o deuda pública. La desvinculación entre su capacidad fiscal y las necesidades de gasto han generado diversos problemas y efectos, entre ellos el desequilibrio fiscal vertical y horizontal. En este sentido es importante determinar la relación que existe entre el desequilibrio fiscal vertical, la dependencia de las transferencias (participaciones y aportaciones) federales y el financiamiento público del gobierno del Estado de Michoacán (1980-2015).
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