Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) can be briefly described as air flow limitation and chronic dyspnea associated to an inflammatory response of the respiratory tract to noxious particles and gases. Its main feature is the obstruction of airflow and consequent chronic dyspnea. Despite recent advances, and the development of new therapeutic, medical and clinical approaches, a curative therapy is yet to be achieved. Therapies involving the use of tissue-specific or donor derived cells present a promising alternative in the treatment of degenerative diseases and injuries. Recent studies demonstrate that mesenchymal stem cells have the capacity to modulate immune responses in acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in animal models, as well as in human patients. Due to these aspects, different groups raised the possibility that the stem cells from different sources, such as those found in bone marrow or adipose tissue, could act preventing the emphysematous lesion progression. In this paper, it is proposed a review of the current state of the art and future perspectives on the use of cell therapy in obstructive lung diseases.
OBJECTIVE:To describe a new murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema.METHODS:Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the cigarette smoke group, comprising 12 rats exposed to smoke from 12 commercial filter cigarettes three times a day (a total of 36 cigarettes per day) every day for 30 weeks; and the control group, comprising 12 rats exposed to room air three times a day every day for 30 weeks. Lung function was assessed by mechanical ventilation, and emphysema was morphometrically assessed by measurement of the mean linear intercept (Lm).RESULTS:The mean weight gain was significantly (approximately ten times) lower in the cigarette smoke group than in the control group. The Lm was 25.0% higher in the cigarette smoke group. There was a trend toward worsening of lung function parameters in the cigarette smoke group.CONCLUSIONS:The new murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and the methodology employed in the present study are effective and reproducible, representing a promising and economically viable option for use in studies investigating the pathophysiology of and therapeutic approaches to COPD.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airway obstruction resultant from an augmented inflammatory response of the respiratory tract to noxious particles and gases. Previous reports present a number of different hypotheses about the etiology and pathophysiology of COPD. The generating mechanisms of the disease are subject of much speculation, and a series of questions and controversies among experts still remain. In this context, several experimental models have been proposed in order to broaden the knowledge on the pathophysiological characteristics of the disease, as well as the search for new therapeutic approaches for acute or chronically injured lung tissue. This review aims to present the main experimental models of COPD, more specifically emphysema, as well as to describe the main characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, possibilities of application, and potential contribution of each of these models for the knowledge on the pathophysiological aspects and to test new treatment options for obstructive lung diseases.
2012. A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) destaca-se como um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo. O enfisema pulmonar, dentro do espectro das DPOC, apresenta como principal característica o alargamento dos espaços aéreos distais ao bronquíolo terminal resultante da destruição do parênquima pulmonar, sem fibrose significativa. O tabagismo é considerado o principal fator relacionado ao surgimento da patologia. Considerando a escassez de aparelhos comercializados para exposição à fumaça de cigarro, bem como o elevado custo dos existentes, o presente projeto propôs um modelo de indução de enfisema pulmonar por exposição à fumaça de cigarro em ratos utilizando um novo aparato. Foram realizadas avaliações morfométricas e funcionais nos pulmões de animais expostos à fumaça ou ao ar ambiente. Além disso, o peso dos animais foi aferido semanalmente. Os resultados mostraram redução do ganho de peso nos animais expostos. Com relação aos parâmetros morfométricos, houve aumento no valor do intercepto linear médio (Lm) nos animais expostos à fumaça, o que reflete o alargamento dos espaços aéreos resultante da destruição do parênquima pulmonar. Os dados funcionais por sua vez mostraram não haver diferença significativa entre os grupos expostos à fumaça ou ao ar. O corrente estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um aparelho que represente uma alternativa menos custosa e altamente eficiente para a realização de estudos experimentais relacionados à indução de enfisema pulmonar por exposição à fumaça. Palavras-chave: Enfisema pulmonar. Modelo animal. Fumaça de cigarro. Aparato para exposição à fumaça de cigarro.
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