Multiple pelvic fractures can lead to narrowing of the pelvic canal and loss of life quality. Hemipelvectomy, characterized by removal of bone fragments from the pelvis, is considered a rescue therapy. This report describes the technique of caudal partial hemipelvectomy in four cases of obstipation secondary to traumatic pelvic canal narrowing in four dogs, with promising results. All patients had tenesmus and fecal retention. After the procedure, the patients presented immediate normochezia and support of the ipsilateral limb after 10 to 20 days, showing the feasibility of the technique in small animals, providing clinical improvement without walking alterations.

RESUMO -Os métodos de tratamento das fraturas do rádio e da ulna são revisados. São descritos e avaliados o tratamento conservador e as técnicas de banda de tensão, fixação externa, pinos intramedulares, placas e parafusos nos diferentes tipos de fratura envolvendo desde a porção proximal à distal do rádio e da ulna.Palavras chave: Fraturas, tratamentos, rádio, ulna, cães e gatos.ABSTRACT -A review of the treatments of radius and ulna fractures in dogs and cats was carried out. The conservative therapeutics as well as the surgical techniques as tension band, external fixation, intramedular pins and bone plate are described and comparatively evaluated in regard to the differente types of fractures from the proximal up to the distal portions of both the radius and the ulna.

Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are neurogenic neoplasms that originate from cells that surround the axons of peripheral nerves. Surgery is the treatment of choice for peripheral nerve sheath tumors. They have a better prognosis when the lesion is in the extremity of a limb and the surgeon leaves wide peripheral margins after resection. However, this procedure makes local treatment a challenge due to difficult wound healing in this region. This report describes a successful case involving the use of a meshed skin graft immediately after resection of a neurofibrosarcoma in the distal region of the radius bone of a dog.Case: A 6-year-old Boxer bitch weighing 40 kg was admitted with a history of a round, firm, non-ulcerated skin nodule attached to the lateral side of the distal region of the right radius bone, which had been present for about 40 days. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the lesion showed the presence of mesenchymal cells, suggesting a sarcoma. Thus, the decision was made for an incisional biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and for the preparation of a subdermal pattern tubular flap for subsequent rotation and transposition to close the wound that would be formed after the complete removal of the lesion. After the 7th postoperative day, the diagnosis of low-grade neurofibrosarcoma was confirmed and due to the presence of necrotic onset in the middle portion of the tubular flap, further surgical intervention was scheduled for the resection of the tube flap, en bloc removal of the neoplastic lesion with peripheral margins of 2 cm, and wound closure with a free skin graft. A mesh skin graft was made with a portion of the right flank skin. The mesh graft was carefully implanted on the recipient bed using simple interrupted sutures with a 3-0 non-absorbable monofilament suture material. A dressing made with water-based sterile lubricating solution and gauze and a modified Robert Jones bandage were applied. The patient was treated with analgesic medication, antimicrobial therapy, and gastric protectors. The first bandage and dressing were changed after 48 h, and only warm physiological solution was used. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of low-grade neurofibrosarcoma with free surgical margins. The dressing was changed every 72 h for up to 12 postoperative days, when the immobilization was removed, and wound cleaning could be completed at home using physiological solution and a dressing with nitrofurazone ointment. Granulation tissue was first seen at day 12, and at day 30 the wound was completely closed.Discussion: The primary closure of skin defects after the resection of tumors located in the distal portion of limbs is often not possible due to a lack of adjacent skin. Thus, grafts are commonly used to repair the skin in these areas using the technique presented in this report. In order to survive, skin grafts need a vascular bed capable of allowing new blood vessel connections with the implanted skin portion. There is no consensus in the literature on the best bed for graft implantations. In the case described in this study, a free mesh graft was implanted on a fresh wound without granulation tissue, which resulted in excellent clinical evolution and total survival of the graft. Excellent clinical results were achieved with the graft, since its survival and adherence to the recipient bed occurred without complications. The clinical result of this case suggests that the application of full-thickness mesh grafts to fresh wounds in distal limbs immediately after tumor resection is a good alternative when the surgical wound is too large (which prevents primary closure). Good preoperative planning associated with good surgical techniques and adequate postoperative management are essential for the success of the technique under these conditions.

Twelve dogs with traumatic hip luxation were selected for surgical intervention with a modified iliofemoral suture technique using an anchor screw to substitute the passage of suture material through a perforated tunnel in the ilium. Six procedures were performed with non-absorbable suture and other six with absorbable suture materials. These cases were evaluated at 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after surgery by performing an ambulation analysis and palpation of the joint. In all cases, there was a return of partial and total limb support in an average of 3 and 19 postoperative, respectively. The fixation strategy of the suture material in the ilium using an anchor screw proved to be efficient with a smaller surgical approach and lesser surgical difficulty, maintaining joint congruence in acute as chronic luxation cases. The use of absorbable and non-absorbable sutures had excellent clinical results, but there was a subjective superiority of the first ones, once 4 dogs of the non-absorbable group presented some discomfort during the postoperative palpation of the joint, 90 days after surgery.

Chronic septic bone nonunion requires a well-designed therapeutic planning, demanding a multimodal treatment to achieve bone consolidation and elimination of infection. A successful case of an association of the major omentum flap with surgical stabilization with an interlocking nail for treatment of a femoral septic nonunion in dog is reported. The patient had partial functional return of the limb 30 days after surgery, negative bacterial culture with radiographic signs of bone healing and total functional return of the limb at 90th days after the surgical procedure.

Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a common condition observed in the surgical clinics for small animals. Among the surgical techniques for management of CHD, triple pelvic osteotomy and sacroiliac wedge promote acetabular lateral axial rotation (ventroversion), increasing acetabular coverage and joint stability. The present study aimed to evaluate radiographically, by measuring the Norberg angle (NA) and the acetabular coverage percentage (ACP), the acetabular ventroversion induced by the sacroiliac wedge technique, with or without pelvic osteotomies; we also checked the feasibility of wedges made of polyamide with an angulation of 20° and 30°. The software used to measure NA and ACP was AutoCAD® 2009. Pelves from 10 canine corpses were evaluated radiographically at four time-points: M0 (Control Group), M1 (wedges of 20° and 30°), M2 and M3 (wedges associated with bilateral pubis and ischium osteotomies, respectively). There was no significant increase in the acetabular ventroversion at M1, M2, and M3. The polyamide sacroiliac wedge technique proved to be feasible, stable, and easy to apply. Further, the software proved to be efficient and easy to use for NA and ACP measurements. In the present study, even in the cases of non-dysplasic adult canine corpses, it was concluded that the sacroiliac wedge technique does not require to be accompanied by pubis and ischial osteotomies because they did not significantly increase the NA and ACP.

The metabolic peculiarities of felines favor an intoxication. Fifty healthy female cats were divided into five groups: PG (placebo group), G2 (cefazolin), G3 (ceftriaxone), G4 (enrofloxacin) and G5 (ampicillin) were used. The parameters evaluated were: total expired carbon dioxide (ETCO2), oxygen saturation in hemoglobin (SpO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT), systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, mBP and DBP) by invasive method, at T0, 5 (T5), 10 (T10), 15 (T15), 20 (T20), 25 (T25) and 30 (T30) minutes after administration of the treatments. HR presented reduction in G2 compared to PG at all times, except T20, and in G4, T25 and T30 were lower than the T0 values (P<0.05). BT showed increase in the G3 at T0 and T5 and all groups showed reduction in the values of BT relative to T0 (P<0.05). ETCO2 increased in G2 and G5 at all times compared to PG (P<0.05) and there were no differences among the times within each group. It was concluded that ceftriaxone is safer for the prophylactic antimicrobial use in cats, however the other antimicrobials are also indicated, because all the parameters, in all groups, basically did not change over the study and when this occurs it remains in reference interval.

Article historyThe purpose of this study was to describe a pantarsal arthrodesis using a medial locking plate in an overweight dog. A 5-year-old, 28 kg, female dachshund presented with a left plantigraded hindlimb with calcaneous osteolytic injury and bone exposure. First, the patient was treated for the skin wound and started on a weight-loss program. A customized locking plate was used in the pantarsal arthrodesis. A normal hindlimb position and gait were observed after 27 days, and bone fusion was achieved at 60 days postoperatively. Implant removal was performed at 120 days, and the patient was discharged. The dog was kept on weight-loss therapy until it achieved a body weight of 11 kg. The customized bone implant used for pantarsal arthrodesis proved feasible and effective in treating an obese dog with low bone density.