Aims: The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials contributed to the selection of multiresistant bacterial strains, mainly Enterococcus faecalis, leading to the search for new strategies for these infections, requiring the identification of new bioactive compounds from medicinal plants, an example is C. spruceanum used in traditional communities in the Amazon. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of C. spruceanum leaf extract against E. faecalis "in vitro" for endodontic purposes. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: the study was carried out at the microbiology laboratory of the Federal University of Acre (UFAC), in the city of Rio Branco, state of Acre, Brazil, from July 2021 to January 2022. Methodology: For this study, 50mg/mL of the crude extract of C. spruceanum leaf was diluted in Dimethylsulfoxide, as well as 50mg/mL of the extract with 1000mg of calcium hydroxide and 1000mg of calcium hydroxide in 1mL of distilled water. After preparing the extracts, 20µL were deposited in the wells made on Müeler-Hinton agar medium seeded with E. faecalis, incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. After this period, the positive activity of the extracts was obtained from the formation of the inhibition halo in millimeters. Results: The best results were for extract associated with calcium hydroxide (20mm), followed by calcium hydroxide solution (17.67mm) and with lower activity, C. spruceanum extract (14.33mm). The best results of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration with values of 6.25 mg/mL for the extract combined with calcium hydroxide and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration that was 25mg/mL for the association of the extract with calcium hydroxide. Conclusion: The C. spruceanum extract has antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and its association with calcium hydroxide potentiated its effect.
This study was designed to determine the diversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Uncaria tomentosa. Leaf and stem were disinfected superficially and inoculated in PDA and SDA medium, with and without plant extract and incubated at 18 and 28°C for isolation of endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi were inoculated in BD medium and the metabolites extracted with ethyl acetate. Endophytic fungi extracts were tested for antibacterial activity by the disk diffusion test. One hundred and seventy endophytic fungi were isolated and identified as Aspergillus, Asterosporium, Aureobasidium, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Didymostilbe, Fusarium, Guignardia, Nigrospora, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Phomopsis, and sterile mycelium. Staphylococcus aureus was the most resistant bacterium, with only two fungal extracts inhibiting its growth, while the most sensitive was Escherichia coli, with 23 extracts inhibiting its growth. Five extracts inhibited Enterococcus faecalis and four Klebsiella pneumoniae. No fungal extract was able to inhibit the four tested bacteria. Extracts from endophytic fungi isolated from U. tomentosa showed in vitro antibacterial activity against grampositive and gram-negative bacteria.
O câncer é um problema de saúde pública no mundo e, em crianças, a incidência de aumento é de cerca de 1% ao ano. Apesar da eficácia, a terapia antineoplásica provoca efeitos de significativa toxicidade, muitas vezes causando a hospitalização do paciente, dificuldades de continuação da oncoterapia ou não readequação do tratamento para a não progressão da doença. A mucosite oral é um dos efeitos deletérios mais comuns; causa dor, afeta a fala e a nutrição e torna o paciente suscetível à septicemia. Em crianças, a frequência da mucosite oral situa-se em torno de 65%. Suas manifestações são avaliadas por meio de escalas diferentes e tratadas com protocolos distintos. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar, em uma revisão sistemática da literatura, o estado da arte da avaliação da mucosite oral em crianças sob tratamento oncológico. Estudos mostraram que a avaliação é fundamental para estabelecer as estratégias de tratamento, que protocolos e escalas utilizadas são inconsistentes e que inexiste um sistema viável e válido para pontuar a mucosite infantil causada por câncer, impedindo uma intervenção terapêutica mais efetiva. Concluiu-se que a Children’s International Mucositis Evaluation Scale vem sendo a escala de maior aceitabilidade e validade por seu critérios.
Endophytic fungi of different species have already proved their efficacy against a range of pathogenic bacteria. However, the separation of the compounds contained in these extracts that actually have an effective activity is not a constant, but it is essential for the scientific knowledge to formulate a new medication. Thus, this study aimed to separate compounds from two endophytic fungi extracts of Uncaria tomentosa with positive results against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The separation was carried out by thin-layer chromatography and bioautography. For this, it was necessary to produce fungal extracts from the endophytes Colletotrichum (23916) and Fusarium (23952), which were separated from the liquid state by filtration. The remaining filtrate was divided into ethyl acetate and then concentrated in a rotary evaporator at 40°C. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined with the following test microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Enterecoccus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Subsequently, it was carried out the thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the extracts using hexane, ethyl acetate/hexane, ethyl acetate and acetate/methanol. The reading was performed in 312 nm UV light, and right after the chromatography, the bioautography was carried out. The following Rf values were obtained: 0.30 for K. pneumoniae and 0.35 for E. coli, in ethyl acetate, for the extract 23952, and 0.81 for K. pneumoniae and 0.41 for S. aureus, in styrene acetate, for the extract 23916, confirming different compounds by bioautography. Therefore, it was concluded that several compounds present in the extracts tested have antibacterial activity.
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