To determine the presence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and other serologic markers, we tested serum specimens of 339 Amerindians, 181 rural nonAmerindians, and 1,133 urban blood donors (13 Amerindians) in the Brazilian Amazon. High KSHV seroprevalence in children and inverse association with herpes simplex virus type 2 indicates predominant nonsexual transmission among Amerindians. K aposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the cause of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and certain lymphoproliferative diseases (1). KSHV seroprevalence is low (<5%) in most Western populations (1) and reaches 50% in some African populations (2), mirroring KS incidence rates (3). However, the highest KSHV seroprevalences worldwide (>80% in adults) have been reported in Amerindian tribes from the Amazon regions of Brazil (4,5) and Ecuador (6), despite the apparently low KS incidence in these populations (7). KSHV is thought to be transmitted through saliva between young siblings in disease-endemic areas such as French Guiana (8) or Africa (9), whereas sexual transmission in low-prevalence countries occurs within risk groups such as men who have sex with men (10). Modes of transmission have not been clearly determined in Amerindian populations. The StudyWe conducted a cross-sectional study during February 2003-April 2004 to investigate the seroprevalence and factors associated with KSHV infection in Amerindian and non-Amerindian populations living in 2 regions of the Brazilian Amazon: a remote rural region of Para State (Mapuera, on the banks of the Trombetas River) and Manaus, the capital city of Amazonas State (Figure). Serologic markers of fecal-oral (hepatitis A virus [HAV]), blood-borne (hepatitis B and C viruses [HBV, HCV]) and sexually transmitted infections (Treponema pallidum [syphilis] and herpes simplex virus type 2 [HSV-2]) were used as proxies to identify possible routes of KSHV transmission in these populations.A convenience sample of unselected Amerindians and non-Amerindians living in the Mapuera area and a consecutive sample of nonpaid fi rst-time blood donors from the Manaus blood bank (HemoAm) consented to collection of blood samples, as previously reported (4,11) Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board of HemoAm, the ethical board of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and the ethics committee of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.In the absence of a defi nitive test to determine KSHV infection, all serum specimens were tested by using a previously validated in-house whole-virus KSHV ELISA (12) and 2 immunofl uorescence assays (IFAs) that detected antibodies against lytic (IFA-lytic) and latent-associated nuclear antigens (IFA-LANA) (12). KSHV infection was defi ned as positivity by any of these serologic assays. Serum specimens were also tested for the agent of syphilis by us- ing a T. pallidum-specifi c assay (Enzygnost Syphilis; Dade Behring, Marburg, Germany); for HSV-2 antibodies by using the type-specifi c HerpeSelect gG2 ELISA (Focus Technologies, Cypress H...
FUNDAMENTOS: O queratoacantoma é neoplasia cutânea benigna que incide preferencialmente em indivíduos de pele clara, faixa etária elevada, acometendo áreas fotoexpostas. Além da exposição à radiação ultravioleta, sua etiologia é relacionada a diversos carcinógenos, entre eles a infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV). OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a prevalência do DNA do HPV, bem como seus genótipos, em lesões de queratoacantoma solitário de pacientes imunocompetentes. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados queratoacantomas de pacientes sem evidências de imunocomprometimento, excisados entre 1996 e 2000 em hospital universitário. Realizaram-se cortes histológicos, desparafinização e extração de DNA desses fragmentos. Os espécimes positivos para DNA de HPV foram submetidos ao seqüenciamento gênico, para determinação do genótipo. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 58 pacientes com idade média de 64,5±13,8 anos. A proporção entre os sexos foi semelhante, e as localizações mais comuns foram os membros superiores (50%) e a face (27,6%). Detectou-se DNA de HPV em 48 (82,7%) fragmentos de queratoacantomas, sendo os genótipos 6, 11 e 16 os prevalentes. CONCLUSÕES: A alta prevalência do achado de DNA de HPV em lesões de queratoacantoma solitário pode sugerir a participação viral em sua oncogênese.
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