Title: Renewables energies in Colombia and the opportunity for the offshore wind technology. Some comments that still need a modification are given as follows.R/ Thank you for your comments. Enclosed we will answer each one of them. Please avoid abbreviation in Abstract. R/ We removed abbreviations in the abstract as follows:"Global offshore wind technology shows increasing progress evidenced in the recent reports of wind power capacity, expectations of market expansion and international research projects. Colombia is privileged with several types of natural resources (e.g. wind, sun, water) but there is not a clear legal context to regulate sustainable and safe exploitation of the offshore wind energy considered nonconventional. The development of offshore wind technology in Colombia could attend the energy demand when the hydroelectric system presents low electricity generation during dry hydrological conditions and El Niño -South Oscillations events. This paper analyses international actions that have motivated different countries to establish strategies to reduce CO2, and their advances and challenges in implementing offshore wind technology. The review of the administrative framework of renewable energy in Colombia proved the lack of information for implementing offshore wind technology. Furthermore, the analysis of several studies of marine energies showed the need to increase the knowledge of offshore wind energy. The local applying projects to generate electricity from non-conventional renewable energies are not considering offshore wind energy projects. Hence, this research analyzed wind speed and calculated wind power density at different height levels, what evidenced magnitudes and positive trends what justify to increase the research in offshore wind energy in Colombia. As a result, the present document compiles technical, economic, administrative and legal information of the renewable energies in Colombia that may be used for taking decisions of different stakeholders and evidences the potential implementing offshore wind farms in areas near to the Colombian Caribbean coast. Colombia has great resources to implement offshore wind energy technologies, reducing the dependence on fossil fuels and substituting other systems when they cannot guarantee the energy offer." A Literature Section needs to be included in the writing before RM section. You need to differ between literature analysis and your study analysis. In the LR section, you need to deeply analyse previous related studies and reveal the knowledge gaps and inconsistencies in the literature, then relate them to the objective of your study. The results analysis and discussion are presented after the methodology section.R/ Thank you for the suggestion. As we commented in the Revision #1, the methodology that we exposed for the manuscript (RM section), to be considered as a Review Article and also a Research article itself, is to describe the way how we collected and presented data in each section. Therefore, the manuscript is arranged accordin...
Infrastructure is necessary to protect and provide the goods and services required by humans. As coastal green infrastructure (CGI) aims to respect and work with natural processes, it is a feasible response to mitigate or avoid the consequences of coastal squeeze. The concept of CGI is receiving increased attention of late due to the challenges facing us, such as climate change, population growth and the overexploitation of natural resources on the coast. Terms which may be applied to encourage the construction of infrastructure, or to minimize the responsibility for poorly made decisions, often induce misunderstanding. In this paper, the concept of CGI and its use in solving coastal problems is reordered. Four categories are proposed, according to the degree of naturalness of the project: Nature reclamation, Engineered ecosystems, Ecologically enhanced engineering, and De-engineering/Relocation. Existing coastal risk evaluation frameworks can be used to design many types of CGI. Key concepts, challenges and good practices for the holistic management of coastal squeeze are presented from the analysis of successful and unsuccessful CGI projects worldwide.
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