RESUMENObjetivo Se indagaron los aspectos socioculturales relacionados con la vida en comunidad y la actividad física en las regiones de Bogotá, Antioquia y Quindío. Métodos Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, cualitativo, cuyo interés sobre el objeto de estudio se enmarcó en las relaciones culturales de las regiones indagadas. Las estrategias de investigación utilizadas fueron observación en terreno, entrevistas individuales y participativas semi-estucturadas (fuentes primarias) y revisión documental relacionada con los procesos culturales de las regiones de estudio (fuentes secundarias). Resultados Los resultados obtenidos fueron de dos tipos: comunes para las tres regiones y específicos para cada una de ellas teniendo en cuenta los procesos culturales y las dinámicas comunitarias propias. Conclusiones Los elementos identificados mediante la observación en terreno y los hallazgos interpretativos resultantes del estudio de las entrevistas, fueron concordantes con la teoría y las experiencias previas de otros países, aportando adicionalmente nuevas consideraciones asociadas al contexto cultural y comunitario específico de las regiones indagadas.Palabras Clave: Actividad física, cultura, Colombia (fuente: DeCS, BI-REME).
ABSTRACT
Socio-cultural characteristics of physical activity in three regions of Colombia ARTÍCULOS/INVESTIGACIÓN
Objectives To determine concentrations of PM10, mercury and lead in indoor air of homes, water sources and soil in municipalities near mining operations. Method 6 points were evaluated in areas of influence and 2 in control areas. For measurements of indoor air, we used the NIOSH 600 method (PM10), NIOSH 6009 (mercury) and NIOSH 7300 (lead). For water analysis we used the IDEAM Guide for monitoring discharges. For soil analysis, we used the cold vapor technique (mercury) and atomic absorption (lead). Results In almost all selected households, the average PM10 and mercury concentrations in indoor air exceeded applicable air quality standards. Concentrations of lead were below standard levels. In all water sources, high concentrations of lead were found and in some places within the mining areas, high levels of iron, aluminum and mercury were also found. In soil, mercury concentrations were below the detection level and for lead, differences between the monitored points were observed. Conclusions The results do not establish causal relationships between mining and concentration of these pollutants in the evaluated areas because of the multiplicity of sources in the area. However, such studies provide important information, useful to agents of the environmental health system and researchers. Installation of networks for environmental monitoring to obtain continuous reports is suggested.
Definitions of healthcare promotion were examined from the theory of knowledge regarding its ontological and epistemological aspects as considered by several paradigms. Three-phase periodisation was used. The first distancing regarding the positivist paradigm and healthcare promotion through definitions of public health was made during the background phase (1920-1973). The promotion of healthcare acquired its own identity and became explicit policy in the midst of scenarios involving the confluence of paradigms during the foundational phase (1974-1986). Positivist and non-positivist paradigms became broadly articulated during the consolidation phase (1987-2008), becoming extended to methodological aspects.
Communities close to mining-industrial activities report a worse perception of health, greater concern about the risk of exposure and do not consider that mining industry provides greater benefits for their quality of life.
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