The relationship between the length of the juvenile period and nine olive seedling parameters (plant height, diameter, number of nodes, lateral shoots, internode length, leaf length, width, area, and shape index) was explored in 287 plants belonging to four different progeny. The traits were measured at two timepoints: after the plants had completed a forced growth cycle in the greenhouse/shadehouse (15 months after sowing) and after one growing season in the field (27 months after sowing). Strong linear tendencies of most vigour traits (mainly plant height and diameter) with the time of first flowering were observed. Leaf traits measured after one year in the field were also related to the length of the juvenile period, but not the same traits that were measured the previous year. Strong positive correlations were observed between the parameters studied. All results are discussed in terms of selecting the best seedling traits to be used as pre-selection criteria for short juvenile period during early stages.
Studies show that face-to-face aggression extends to other types of bullying behaviours through digital technologies. Current research is limited in primary education and contradictory in terms of gender. This study looked at the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying in Spain at an early age, identifying groups of victims from a gender perspective. It also associated school variables (sense of belonging at school, absenteeism or student confidence in STEM subjects) to the most vulnerable profile. In a second analysis, 4756 Spanish 4th grade Primary Education pupils completed the TIMMS 2015 standardized survey. The results showed four groups of victims, two characterized by multiple victimization (bullying and cyberbullying). There were significant gender differences between the groups. The percentage of girls in the profile of victims of severe harassment was higher. However, overall there was a greater presence of boys across the different groups of victims. The school variables considered were associated differentially according to gender. The student sense of belonging at school was not the same for girls and boys, nor did they have the same attitude towards absenteeism. The results are discussed in relation to other studies together with conclusions regarding the design of educational interventions and future research.
Proof (2007), consiste en la abundancia de diá-logos repletos de coloquialismos, expresiones malsonantes y lenguaje soez, lo cual dota a las conversaciones que mantienen los personajes de la película de un gran realismo.El doblaje de Death Proof para Hispanoamérica, realizado en español neutro, frente a la versión para España, se caracteriza por presentar una elevada cantidad de casos de estrategias de atenuación del lenguaje soez. El análisis de los distintos procedimientos lingüísticos que llevan a cabo los traductores en la atenuación de las expresiones vulgares constituye el núcleo de esta investigación. sis of the different linguistic proceedings carried out by translators in order to tone down the vulgar expressions constitutes the center of this research.
There is no doubt that music plays an important role in people’s lives and, consequently, in different societies and cultures. Through music, the distinctive features of societies and cultures can be appreciated, while, at the same time, its condition of universal language acts as a means of communication among them. Translation Studies has recently started to pay attention to the relationship between translation and music. The study of the translation of songs, opera and other musical products is a subject that can enrich the field. In addition to this, owing to the peculiar nature of the musical text, the translation of music can be linked to other disciplines within Translation Studies, as is the case with AVT. In this work, we will analyse the similarities and differences between AVT and song translation. We will show that some of the translation strategies used in AVT can be applied to other types of multimodal translation, like song translation. We will also consider some cases in which song translation becomes part of AVT, as happens in the translation of TV series or films in which there are songs.
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