Background. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is defined as a set of painful or dysfunctional conditions involving masticatory muscles and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive and non-pharmacological therapy method that can prove to be an alternative treatment and generate benefits for the treatment of TMD-related pain. Methods. The authors conducted a systematic literature review to assess the effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBM) in the treatment of TMD. Selection criteria included: 1) studies in human subjects, 2) articles without language restriction, and 3) placebo versus control randomized clinical trials. The review covered articles published over the past five years in the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and PEDro. Methodological quality assessment followed the PEDro criteria. Results. A total of 12 articles were included in the review. In these studies, photobiomodulation reduced myogenic and arthrogenic pain. The predominant sites of application of PBM were either predetermined or painful areas of the masseter and temporal muscles and the TMJ. The application of infrared spectrum radiation (wavelength ranging from 790 to 905 nm), with low doses of energy per application point (3 to 8 J/ cm 2 ), three times a week for 8 to 12 weeks, showed the best results. Conclusions. Based on the results of this review, it is risky to draw definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of PBM for the treatment of TMD.
Children obesity in Mexico has become a public health problem, 9.7% of preschool children are overweighed or obese. A nutrition program was developed in 7 sessions for children and 7 sessions for their parents, it included eating habits (EH) and physical activity (PA). To evaluate the impact of the education program 626 preschool children from 6 public schools in three different locations: rural, urban and semi‐urban participated in a controlled longitudinal study. The nutrition program was implemented in 3 schools, one of each location, the remaining schools were controls. Before and after 6 months of intervention, anthropometry measures (weight, height and waist) were taken and 2 validated questionnaires (EH and PA) were answered by one parent. Complete data was obtained from 491 preschoolers and 205 questionnaires were collected from parents. Anthropometry changes were similar between groups. Only children from the semi‐urban school had a smaller waist to height change [‐0.71(‐1.16,‐0.26)] than the children in control school [0.42(‐0.61,1.44)] (p<0.05). The EA and PA score was improved in children from the intervention schools compared with control schools [EH:0.59(0.16,1.44),‐0.27(‐0.81,0.27), respectively; PA:0.83(.34,1.33), ‐1.14(‐1.67,‐0.60),respectively] (p<0.05).Children from the urban intervention school improved PA more than the control school. Children from the rural intervention school improved their EH more than the control school. In conclusion the nutrition education program did not show clear effect in anthropometry after 6 months, however, there was an impact in EH and PA. Parents participation is required to have a better impact on such programs. . . Grant Funding Source: FOMIX‐CONACYT2012
Waist circumference (WC) predicts adiposity and risk of metabolic syndrome in children as well as in adults. Studies demonstrate that age, sex, gender and ethnic background have to be considered to establish reference values (Zimmet,2007; Fernández,2004; Serra,2002)ObjectiveTo obtain percentile values from waist circumference measurements of 2023 Mexican children aged 4 to 11 years and compare them with those of Mexican‐american and Spanish referencesMethodologyprevious informed consent and standardization of anthropometric technique, WC was measured in a sample of 2023 children from 4 to 11 years of age in their school environment in Queretaro, Mexico. Measurements were performed with a Rosscraft Tape to the 0.1cm in the middle point between iliac and costal bones. The average of three measurements was calculated. After a WC frequency analysis by age and sex, 10 to 90th Percentile values were calculated and compared to two different reference population values (NHANES III Mexican American children 2‐18 years old and Enkid reference from Spanish population aged 2 to 25 years), using a kappa test and SPSS,V18.ResultsMexican children WC 10,25,50,75 and 90th percentile values, were obtained by age and sex. WC 90th percentile has been suggested as a cut off value to predict metabolic risk in children. For 10 year old Mexican girls it was above the 80cms cut off point of adult Mexican women. A moderate association (Kappa 0.477 p<0.001) and a weak association (kappa .387 p<0.001) was found with Mexican American and Spanish references respectively.ConclusionWC percentile values correlate better between Mexican and Mexican American children than with the Spanish referenceResearch grant FOMIX‐CONACYT‐QRO2011C02‐175220
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