Growth plates are also known asphyses, epiphyseal plate, metaphyseal growth plate, epiphyseal cartilage and epiphyseal disk [1]. They are the endochondral ossification areas of long bones [2] which are specialized cartilages extending longitudinally between the epiphysis and metaphysis of immature long bones. The growth plate appears radiolucent on radiographs [3] which closes as the animal matures and at this age of maturity, the epiphysis fuses with the metaphysis to become a single bone [4].Growth plates are specialized cartilages extending longitudinally between the epiphysis and metaphysis of immature long bones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the appearance, sequential thickness and closure time of the proximal and distal growth plates of radius and ulna bones in Nigerian indigenous dogs considering the paucity of information on these areas. In this study, a total of sixteen (8 male and 8 females) apparently healthy Nigerian indigenous dogs were used over a period of 48 weeks. Medio-lateral radiographic exposures of the right forelimb of each puppy were taken at weekly intervals up to a period of 9 weeks and thereafter at 4 weeks interval. The radiographic images were reviewed and interpreted. The results obtained showed that the growth plate of the distal epiphysis of the radius was the first to appear at week 2 in some dogs and at 3 weeks in others, while that of the proximal epiphysis of the radius appeared second at 5 weeks in all the dogs. The growth plate of the distal epiphysis of the ulna bone appeared at 6 weeks while that of the proximal epiphysis of the ulna appeared at 8 weeks in all the dogs. The proximal ulna growth plate was the first to fuse at 24 weeks followed by the proximal radius at 28 weeks, then the distal ulna at 32 weeks while the distal radius was the last to fuse at 36 weeks in most of the dogs. AbstractThe age at growth plate closure is expected to depend on breed genetic factors, physiological conditions, disease, cross-breeding, nutritional conditions, and the management system [5].For evaluation of growth plates, radiographic imaging is an effective method to demonstrate the time of appearance and closure of growth plates which are very important in order to decide whether there is normal or abnormal development of the bone and also to know the age at which interruption of the growth plate region using threaded devices can be performed without interrupting the growth plate. In support of this, several reports have been documented on the growth plate of other species and breeds of dogs: cat's [12] mice [7] cattle [13], monkey [14], sheep [15], goat [16], in horse [17,18]. However, there was limited study on the radiographic observations of the forelimb of Nigerian indigenous dogs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to observe the time of appearance, sequential thickness and closure of growth plates of radius and ulna bones of male and female Nigerian indigenous dogs by using radiograph. Material and MethodsSixteen (8 males, 8 females) apparently healthy Nigerian ...
Reproducible and easily applied measurements for radiologic evaluation are needed in the day-to-day clinical practice for diagnosis and treatment or management of thoracic disorders in the Nigerian Indigenous Dog. The objective of this prospective cross-sectional study was to document measurement indices used for the evaluation of canine thoracic silhouette. Thirty healthy Nigerian Indigenous Dogs, 10 puppies and 20 adults of average body weight 8.19±2.45 kg and comprising equal number of both sexes. Ninety survey dorsoventral, right lateral and left lateral thoracic radiographs of the animals were obtained. The shape of the thoracic silhouette in each radiograph was objectively evaluated and adequately described. In the right and left lateral views, sternovertebral distance and sagittal vertebral diameter of the tenth vertebra were measured and recorded; while the dimension measured in the dorsoventral view was costocostal distance. In the lateral radiographs, mean values of vertebral indices (VI) for right/left lateral radiographs were 0.10±0.00/0.10±0.00, respectively. Results of normal thoracic silhouette determined in dorsoventral versus right lateral orthogonal radiographs were: frontosagittal index (FSI) 1.06±0.05 and Haller index (HI) 0.95±0.04. The clinical relevance of this investigation is that it provides measurement indices for the morphological evaluation of the thoracic silhouette in the Nigerian Indigenous Dog. These indices are reproducible, objective and easy to apply in small animal clinical practice.
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