A pulsatile flow phantom was developed for studies of ultrasound image-guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) application in transcutaneous hemostasis of injured blood vessels. The flow phantom consisted of a pulsatile pump system with instrumented excised porcine carotid artery, which was imbedded in a transparent agarose gel to model structural configuration of in-vivo tissues. Heparinized porcine blood was circulated through the phantom. The artery was injured using an 18 Gauge needle to model a penetrating injury in human peripheral vasculature. A HIFU transducer with the diameter of 7 cm, focal length of 6.3 cm and frequency of 3.4 MHz was used to seal the puncture. Ultrasound imaging was used to localize and target the puncture site, and monitor the HIFU treatment. Triphasic blood flows present in the human arteries were reproduced, with flow rates of 50-500 ml/min, pulse rates of 62-138 beats/min, and peak pressures of 100-250 mmHg. The penetrating injury of an artery was mimicked successfully in the flow phantom setting, and was easily visualized both optically through the transparent gel and with Power Doppler ultrasound imaging. Hemostasis was achieved in 55 ± 31 s (n=9) of HIFU application. Histological observations showed that a HIFU-sealed puncture was filled with clotted blood and covered with a fibrin cap. The pulsatile flow phantom provides a controlled and repeatable environment for studies of transcutaneous imageguided HIFU application in hemostasis of a variety of blood vessel injuries.
A pulsatile flow phantom has been developed for controlled studies of acoustic hemostasis and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) effects on blood vessels. The flow phantom consists of an excised carotid artery attached to a pulsatile pump and embedded in an optically and acoustically transparent gel to create an ex vivo model of a human artery. The artery was punctured with a needle to simulate percutaneous vascular injury. A HIFU transducer with a focal distance of 6 cm and a frequency of 3.33 MHz was used to treat the puncture. B-mode and power-Doppler ultrasound were used to locate the site of the puncture, target the HIFU focus, and monitor treatment. Also, the effects of vascular flow on HIFU lesions were studied by treating vessels in the phantom for different times at a variety of flows. In both studies, histology was done on the artery. In nine trials, HIFU was able to provide complete hemostasis in 55 ± 31 s. It is feasible to use the flow phantom to study acoustic hemostasis of blood vessels. Histology shows that the flow in the phantom appears to diminish the vascular damage from HIFU.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.