The characteristics of radiative mixed convection boundary-layer flow generated close to the inner walls of tightly coiled curved pipe for full range of Richardson number is investigated. In order to find numerical solutions the governing coupled, non-linear PDE are transformed into convenient form for integration by using primitive variable formulation. From this transformation the terms highest powers of Dean number are retained into boundary-layer form and then solved numerically by using finite difference method. Expressions for the axial and transverse components of skin friction, heat transfer coefficient, and flux thicknesses for various values of Richardson number, , angle, α, curvature of the pipe, Planck number, R d , and Prandtl number are obtained and given graphically.
Owning and controlling inherited property and assets can benefit women economically, socially, politically, and psychologically. However, in South Punjab's culture, women are often denied their fair share of an inheritance, and many voluntarily give up their rights. The purpose of this study is to understand this phenomenon by examining the societal myths and cultural roles that justify denial from successfully claiming their inheritance in South Punjab from 1999 to 2018. D.G. Khan and Multan divisions were selected. The study utilized a purposive sampling approach and recruited 200 females without cases, 200 who filed cases and 20 bureaucrats. Three in-depth interview guides were created to collect data. The findings reveal that cultural and traditional beliefs mediate denial and submission. While traditional customs of South Punjab like Watta Satta and forced marriages and unawareness of rights were common. To address the issue, cultural narratives should be deconstructed, records should be made transparent, and awareness should be increased.
Role of international development partners to empower women through the provision of education in South Punjab (2001-2020) has been significant for the promotion of gender equality and empowering women in the region. The study utilizes a qualitative research design and employs the document analysis method to collect data from relevant documents including reports and publications by international development partners and government agencies. The data is analyzed using thematic analysis and the findings are presented in the form of themes and sub-themes. In conclusion, this study highlights the critical role of international development partners in the promotion of the rights of women through the provision of education facilities and gender equality in South Punjab. These challenges include cultural and societal norms, inadequate funding, and lack of political will. The study recommends that international development partners continue to work in collaboration with government agencies and social organizations to address these challenges and promotion of rights of women and gender equality in the region.
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