Background: Childhood obesity is a risk factor for subsequent development of diabetes mellitus, hypertension etc. Rural children show lower levels of obesity and higher rates of malnutrion. Objectives: Study seeks to access the prevalence of obesity and overweight among higher secondary students in rural Kerala).Methods: 1577 students were selected from schools picked randomly in and around vadavukode block in Ernakulam district, Kerala, of which 761 from private and 816 from government and aided school. Their height, weight and BMI was recorded and plotted in WHO growth charts to assess stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity.Results: No difference was found among the government and private schools. The finding from the data tally with the results from other parts of rural India with overweight and obese children (around 10%). The study found 44% children were found to be undernourished. Malnutrition was noted in both private and public schools possible highlighting knowledge deficit on Nutrition may be the cause of malnutrition. Only 47% students were in the normal range.Conclusions: Rural Kerala is afflicted with a serious problem of undernutrition and lower levels of obesity. There was striking prelidiction for obesity was noted among stunted children in the study highlighting the complex nature of the nutrition problem in India where malnutrition and obesity coexist and cause double burden of diseases. The solution is to encourage the message of healthy living, equally to the over nourished and the undernourished, where balanced diet and exercise as a way of life is encouraged.
Background: The most performed surgical procedure in obstetrics is cesarean section. Purpose of this study is to establish the maternal and neonatal outcome after emergency and elective cesarean section, and identifying preventable risk factors wherever possible.Methods This is n observational comparative study done at Al Azhar medical college Thodupuzha, Kerala, India on 185 pregnant women who underwent cesarean section and who fulfilled the inclusion criteria in the department of obstetrics and gynecology. After taking consent patients were identified into two groups based on type of cesarean section that is elective or emergency. In elective cesarean section group 79 women were studied whereas emergency cesarean section group 106 women were studied. Maternal parameters like indication of cesarean section, intra operative and post-operative complications were analyzed. Neonatal parameters like respiratory distress syndrome, NICU admissions, APGAR score were analyzed.Results: Most number of cases in elective cesarean section group underwent cesarean section for prior cesarean section for maternal request (89%) and for emergency cesarean section for fetal distress (32%). Intraoperative, post-operative complications and adverse neonatal outcome were more with emergency CS group.Conclusions: Adverse maternal and neonatal outcome was found to be more in emergency cesarean section compared to elective cesarean section. Inducing labor with proper indication, assessment of cephalopelvic disproportion and intrapartum monitoring using partogram are some of the preventable factors identified to reduce adverse outcome.
Introduction: Adolescence is a period characterised by dramatic changes both physically and mentally. Under nutrition is a growing concern worldwide especially in developing countries like India. It has both short-term and long term concerns. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of thinness and stunting among school going early and mid-adolescents of Idukki district in rural Kerala, India. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study which was conducted from June to October 2020 on 1005 subjects aged 10-16 years from four schools-two government and two public sector, selected by simple random sampling. Age group 10-13 years were grouped as early adolescents and 14-16 years were grouped as middle adolescents. After obtaining informed consent from the parents and school authorities, anthropometric measurements such as weight and height were recorded by standard technique. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight measurements using the formula weight (kg)/ height2 (metre2 ). The values were then plotted on age specific World Health Organisation (WHO) charts for height and BMI. The degree of stunting and thinness was categorised according to the position of the plot. Data was entered into excel sheet and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test, to test the association between anthropometric data and age group and gender. A p-value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: 84 (8.4%) adolescents were stunted with equal prevalence in early (n=38, 8.5%) and mid-adolescents (n=46, 8.2%). There was no difference in the prevalence of stunting in males (n=44, 8.9%) and females (n=40, 7.9%). The overall prevalence of thinness among adolescents was 23.7%. with more thinness in early adolescents (27.4%) than midadolescents (20.7%). It was also found that males were thinner than girls especially among middle adolescents. Conclusions: Adolescent undernutrition continues to be an important public health problem in India. Hence, it will be prudent to give high emphasis on nutrition education programmes for adolescents.
Background: Case scenario based learning offers an interactive approach in medical education. It can be either as case based or problem based. objectives of This study compared the effectiveness of Case scenario based learning (CBL) over didactic lectures (DL) among final year part II M.B.B.S students. It also compared the student’s perception between the two methods.Methods: This interventional study was done in the Department of Pediatrics, Al- Azhar Medical College, Kerala for a period of two months. The participants(n=120) were divided into two groups- A and B who had respectively attended three sessions of CBL and DL on Pediatric infectious diseases. A test was conducted at the end of each session and after 2 weeks in the form of SAQs. A questionnaire was given to the participants about their perception. The data was analysed in SPSS 16 using unpaired t test and Mann- Whitney U test.Results: The mean exam scores for immediate tests were 26.04±1.9 and 19.47±2.8 for Batch A and Batch B respectively. The mean exam scores for the test conducted after two weeks showed significant result with 24.0±2.56 and 18.58±4.03 for Batch A and B respectively. Comparison of student’s perception on Likert’s scale about the teaching method yielded significant difference for CBL over DL with p<0.001.Conclusions: Case scenario based learning is an innovative method which is sure to invoke more interest and academic excellence in medical students.
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