Researchers and clinicians are increasingly using plantar pressure and force measurement system to evaluate foot functions. This research evaluates the quality and reliability of a Tekscan HR mat to study the plantar pressures and forces acting during walking, running, jumping, and standing of healthy subjects. The following regions of the foot were investigated: heel, mid foot, metatarsophalangeal joint, hallux, and the toes. The arches of both feet of the three healthy subjects in the gait analysis were presented which addresses the balancing issues of the body during locomotion. The results indicated that the peaks at the big toe (79.4 ± 8.5 N/cm2, p = 0.0001) were the maximum compared to forefoot (40.3 ± 3.3 N/cm2, p = 0.001), to midfoot (7.5 ± 1.3 N/cm2, p = 0.001), and to heel (27.8 ± 3.9 N/cm2, p = 0.0002) for jump activity. The running activity demonstrated similar results as jump where the maximum peak pressures were absorbed at the big toe region. The heel region during running (86.3 ± 12.6 N/cm2, p = 0.001) showed three times the pressure peak compared to the jump land (27.8 ± 3.9 N/cm2, p = 0.0002) activity. The measurement system proved to be highly capable of detecting heel strike and toe-off moments.
The paper presents the design of a smart glove with flexible sensors integrated with wireless technology to measure the signals of grabbing and grasping. The sensor technology is structured into three phases: sensor calibration, amplification and digitizer of the wearable sensors. The real-time raw data is collected, filters are designed to remove the noise and relay the information to the developed application via Bluetooth. The Bluetooth module communicates with an android mobile application through the Bluetooth networks known as the piconets. Piconets use a master/slave model with a Bluetooth module to control and send data that communicates with a smart device. The mobile application sends and receives information to/from the Bluetooth module and the mobile device. This allows the user to analyze the forces applied in each finger for various operations. The interactive glove interfaced with mobile technology provides gesture recognition and maps the finger orientation. The purpose of designing such a glove is to train the user how to improve their hand defense mechanism as the mobile device informs about the multi finger gripper control. To improve the quality of hand rehabilitation, the proposed design can provide physicians an efficient tool to evaluate the recovery of patient’s hand injury.
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