Waswas atau kecelaruan obsesif-kompulsif (OCD) merupakan antara sepuluh beban penyakit utama di seluruh dunia yang diklasifikasikan oleh World Health Organization (WHO) (Murray, 1996). Sehubungan itu, kupasan terhadap isu waswas ini dari aspek rawatan dan penyelidikan banyak dirujuk kepada psikiatri moden dan klinikal psikologi. Walaubagaimanapun pendekatan rawatan waswas menurut sarjana Islam di era ketamadunan Islam kurang diketengahkan kepada masyarakat. Justeru, objektif kajian adalah untuk mengumpul dan mengenal pasti fokus rawatan waswas oleh sarjana Islam pada abad ke 8 sehingga abad 19 Masihi di bawah pemerintahan khilafah Islam berteraskan empat domain hidup iaitu biologi, psikologi, sosial dan spiritual. Manakala dari aspek metode, kajian mengaplikasi sepenuhnya kajian kualitatif berasaskan dokumentasi. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat sebanyak 10 terapi berasaskan biologi, 6 pendekatan psikologi, 3 pendekatan bersifat sosial dan 2 amalan beserta 8 doa sebagai pendekatan rawatan secara spiritual. Penemuan ini amat berharga kepada masyarakat Islam kerana keperluan dalam keseimbangan empat elemen ini penting bagi mengatasi masalah waswas dan tidak hanya tertumpu kepada pendekatan rawatan bersifat spiritual.Abstract: Waswas or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of ten major illnesses worldwide are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Murray, 1996). In this regard, the focus on this issue of treatment and research has been widely referred to modern psychiatry and clinical psychology. However, waswas treatment based on Islamic scholars in Islamic civilisation era less highlighted to the community. Thus, the objective of the study is to collect and identify the focus of waswas treatment by Islamic scholars in 8 century until 19 century under the reign of Caliph of Islam is based on four domains of life that is biological, psychological, social and spiritual. While, the methodological approach taken in this study is a qualitative research through documentation. The findings show that there are 10 biological-based therapies, 6 psychological approaches, 3 social approaches and 2 practices and 8 dua’ as a spiritual approach. These findings are very very valuable to the Muslim community because the needs in this important balance four elements to overcome waswas and not just focused on spiritual approaches.
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