The aim of this paper is to actualize the taxonomy ofDorymyrmex, by addressing problems at both the genus and the species levels. We also explore the taxonomy and distribution ofDorymyrmexin Colombia. We list, diagnose, and key nine species in the country, including three new species:Dorymyrmex amazonicusn. sp. Cuezzo & Guerrero,Dorymyrmex xerophylusn. sp. Cuezzo & Guerrero, andDorymyrmex tuberosusn. sp. Cuezzo & Guerrero. We provide a detailed description of these new species based on the worker caste and, where possible, other castes. All localities whereDorymyrmexwas collected or cited in the literature were mapped to provide a graphical view of its range.

Summary:The distribution of mansonelliases and their relation to various quantitative criteria were determined through the study of 1,057 subjects in 17 localities in ten regions of Amazonas State and Bolivar State. The total prevalence among the blood samples, determined through the Knott technique, was 1 8.54 %. 1 1.26 % were parasited by Mansonella perstans, 9.93 % by Mansonella ozzardi, and 2.63 % by both species. The average of microfilaremia was 48.19 mf/mL of blood in /VI. perstans and 13.79 mf/mL in M. ozzardi. In the regions studied, A/I. ozzardi has a wider area of distribution than M. perstans. Prevalence, average number of parasites per host, and the infection index have a positive and statistically significant correlation with the total annual precipitation mean for each region for M. perstans; in the case of M. ozzardi the quantitative parameters are positively correlated with the altitude of each region, this correlation being statistically significant. With respect to type of vegetation, M. perstans had a higher infection index in Amazonian caatinga transition in pluvial lowland forest, and M. ozzardi in semideciduous forest of the alisio type. Therefore two types of transmission, M. ozzardi-Simulium and M. perstans-Culicoides are suggested.KEY WORDS : mansonelliasis, Venezuela, distribution, vegetation types. Résumé : FACTEURS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX ET DISTRIBUTION DES MANSONELLOSES DANS LE SUD DU VENEZUELA La distribution des mansonelloses et leurs relations à divers critères quantitatifs ont été déterminés à partir de l'étude de I 057 sujets dans 17 localités de dix régions des États d'Amazonas et de

Se determinó la composición y distribución de las hormigas en un gradiente altitudinal dentro de la vertiente noroccidental de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Se recolectaron 40 géneros y 136 especies de hormigas; Myrmicinae fue la subfamilia con mayor número de géneros y especies para cada altitud. La riqueza total y la de hormigas epigeas disminuyeron significativamente con el incremento de la altitud, mientras que la riqueza de las hormigas que habitan en la hojarasca se concentró en las altitudes intermedias. Sólo la diversidad del ensamble de hormigas epigeas y tanto la diversidad como la equidad de las especies de la hojarasca, tendió a disminuir significativamente al incrementar la altitud. A pesar del alto recambio de especies a lo largo del gradiente, el predominio de taxones con baja abundancia en todas las altitudes, sugiere elementos ecológicos similares en el gradiente, especialmente en las tres últimas altitudes. Por otra parte, los valores de recambio de especies, similitud basada en la abundancia y la incidencia de las especies, muestran que la fauna de hormigas a lo largo del gradiente está dividida en dos grupos, el primer grupo entre 835 y 968 msnm, el segundo entre 1198 y1395 msnm. La composición y la distribución de la fauna de hormigas que habitan a lo largo de la cuenca media de la vertiente Noroccidental de la SNMS, pueden ser explicadas a través de la regla de Rapoport y lo planteado en el efecto de altitudes intermedias.

Ants, an ecologically successful and numerically dominant group of animals, play key ecological roles as soil engineers, predators, nutrient recyclers, and regulators of plant growth and reproduction in most terrestrial ecosystems. Further, ants are widely used as bioindicators of the ecological impact of land use. We gathered information of ant species in the Atlantic Forest of South America. The ATLANTIC ANTS data set, which is part of the ATLANTIC SERIES data papers, is a compilation of ant records from collections (18,713 records), unpublished data (29,651 records), and published sources (106,910 records; 1,059 references), including papers, theses, dissertations, and book chapters published from 1886 to 2020. In total, the data set contains 153,818 ant records from 7,636 study locations in the Atlantic Forest, representing 10 subfamilies, 99 genera, 1,114 ant species identified with updated taxonomic certainty, and 2,235 morphospecies codes. Our data set reflects the heterogeneity in ant records, which include ants sampled at the beginning of the taxonomic history of myrmecology (the 19th and 20th centuries) and more recent ant surveys designed to address specific questions in ecology and biology. The data set can be used by researchers to develop strategies to deal with different macroecological and region‐wide questions, focusing on assemblages, species occurrences, and distribution patterns. Furthermore, the data can be used to assess the consequences of changes in land use in the Atlantic Forest on different ecological processes. No copyright restrictions apply to the use of this data set, but we request that authors cite this data paper when using these data in publications or teaching events.

The exchange coupling between two spins has been proposed as a control parameter over the states of the two-qubit space, so that it can be used to produce quantum gate operations, and in particular, the ͑SWAP͒ ␣ two-qubit quantum gate. In this work, we study the effect that the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya term ͑DM͒ has on the ͑SWAP͒ ␣ gate operation. By considering a time-dependent exchange interaction we have calculated dynamical properties for the probability of the two spin states, magnetization, concurrence, and fidelity of the required quantum gate to determine the effect of the anisotropic term on the ͑SWAP͒ ␣ gate operation. We present an analytical relation, valid in the subspace S z = 0, between the concurrence ͑measurement of entanglement͒ and the on-site magnetization as an observable. We also show, with calculation of the fidelity of the system, that the DM term, will add an intrinsic error to the gate that depends on its amplitude and the concurrence of the ␣ state.

http://www.eje.cz tral America. Amongst ants, most Protalaridris are easily recognizable due to their dramatic jaws: slender and widely separated at the base with one or two massive ventral preapical teeth and an exquisitely pointed apical tooth that make for a sophisticated tridimensional trapping structure. But mandibles alone do not make a genus, as has been demonstrated in Strumigenys F. Smith, 1860, the senior synonym of close to 30 names that were each considered a proper genus some 30-40 years ago (Bolton, 2000). Differences in mandibular morphology were the main argument for proposing most of these genera but subsequent work has shown that long-mandibulate species are nested within the short-mandibulate groups (Ward et al., 2015). The discovery of a new species with all the characteristics of the traditional Protalaridris habitus, except for the elongate mandibles, obliges a reconsideration of the genus. This revision redescribes the genus as well as the type and the, until now, only known species, Protalaridris armata Brown, 1980, and describes an additional six species. All species are imaged, an identifi cation key and distribution map are included as well as a discussion of their natural

The taxonomic boundaries of many Neotropical ant species of the genus Tapinoma are still unclear. Tapinoma atriceps and T. atriceps breviscapum are two morphologically similar taxa which occur sympatrically in the southern Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Some characters such as the scape length and head shape suggest that these taxa may be different species. We used DNA analysis and morphological evidence, including scanning electron microscopy, to evaluate the taxonomic validity of these taxa. We found distinct morphological characteristics that allow separating them as two different species, Tapinoma atriceps and Tapinoma breviscapumstatus novo, and this decision is supported by the DNA results, where Tapinoma atriceps was recovered as a lineage independent of T. breviscapum.

The spider subfamily Schismatothelinae from Colombia is revised. One new species of Euthycaelus Simon 1889 and three new species of Schismatothele Karsch 1879 are named, as well as new geographical records provided. E. guane sp. nov. from Santander, S. hacaritama sp. nov. from Norte de Santander, S. olsoni sp. nov. from Norte de Santander and Táchira (Venezuela), and S. weinmanni sp. nov. from Cundinamarca are herein described, diagnosed and illustrated. Schismatothele is newly recorded from Colombia. Morphological aspects and diversity of the Ischnocolinae and Schismatothelinae from Colombia are discussed. An identification key to species of these subfamilies from Colombia is provided.