RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo populacional foi verificar as prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolas públicas e particulares da cidade de Santos, SP. Foram avaliadas crianças de 7 a 10 anos de idade, num total de 10.822 crianças. Para a determinação de sobrepeso e obesidade foram utilizados, respectivamente, os percentis 85 e 95 do IMC por idade propostos pelos Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -CDC (2000). As prevalências totais de sobrepeso e obesidade foram de 15,7% (IC 95%= 15,0% a 16,4%) e 18,0% (17,3% a 18,7%), respectivamente. A prevalência de sobrepeso foi de 13,7% (12,6% a 14,8%) nos meninos e 14,8% (13,7% a 15,9%) nas meninas das escolas públicas. Nas escolas particulares, foi de 17,7% (15,7% a 19,7%) nos meninos e 22,2% (20,0% a 24,4%) nas meninas. A obesidade foi prevalente em 16,9% (15,7% a 18,1%) dos meninos e 14,3% (13,2% a 15,4%) das meninas das escolas públicas. Nas escolas particulares, 29,8% (27,4% a 32,2%) dos meninos e 20,3% (18,2% a 22,4%) das meninas foram diagnosticados como obesos. Concluímos que a prevalência de obesidade é superior à de estudos nacionais e latino-americanos. Escolas privadas apresentaram prevalên-cia de obesidade maior que escolas públicas (p= 0,001). The aim of this population-based study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in public and private schools of Santos city, Brazil. We evaluated a total of 10,822 children aged 7 to 10 years old. Determination of overweight and obesity was obtained by the 85 th and 95 th percentiles of BMI for age, respectively, as proposed by CDC in 2000. The overall prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 15.7% (CI 95%= 15.0% to 16.4%) and 18.0% (17.3% to 18.7%), respectively. The prevalence of overweight was 13.7% (12.6% a 14.8%) in boys and 14.8% (13.7% a 15.9%) in girls of public schools. In private schools, the rates were 17.7% (15.7% to 19.7%) in boys and 22.2% (20.0% to 24.4%) in girls. Obesity was found in 16.9% (15.7% to 18.1%) of the boys and 14.3% (13.2% to 15.4%) of the girls of public schools. In the private schools, 29.8% (27.4% to 32.2%) of the boys and 20.3% (18.2% to 22.4%) of the girls were obese. We concluded that the prevalence of obesity in public and private schools in the city of Santos is higher than other studies conducted in Brazil and in other countries of Latin America. Private schools showed higher prevalence rates of obesity than public schools (p= 0.001).

despite the increasing prevalence of obesity in pediatric age, mothers have difficulty in properly perceiving the nutritional status of their children, which may compromise referral to treatment programs.

O xidative stress has been implicated as a cause of the endothelial damage seen in preeclampsia. This randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial involving 4 Brazilian clinical sites examined whether dietary antioxidant supplementation would reduce the incidence of preeclampsia in patients at increased risk because of the presence chronic hypertension or a history of preeclampsia.Patients were 12 to 19 weeks pregnant at enrollment and were randomly assigned to receive 1000 mg vitamin C and 400 IU vitamin E daily or placebo. Patients took 2 gel capsules containing one-half of each medication daily from enrollment to delivery or the diagnosis of preeclampsia. They were followed at periodic prenatal visits at which time blood pressure, weight, and urinary protein excretion were measured. The primary outcome was the development of preeclampsia (blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg and 300 mg/24 h urinary protein); secondary outcomes were severity of preeclampsia (severe vs. not severe using usual internationally agreed upon criteria), gestational hypertension, abruptio placentae, premature rupture of the membranes, preterm birth, and small for gestational age, and low-birth-weight infants.Data were available for 707 of 753 women (patients were excluded due to loss to follow-up or withdrawal of consent), of whom 355 received the antioxidant vitamins and 352 placebo. The 2 groups were similar in demographic characteristics. Of those with chronic hypertension, 52.8% were receiving antihypertensive therapy when they became pregnant. Compliance rates were 84.5% and 86.9% for the vitamin and placebo groups, respectively. In the vitamin group, 13.9% of patients developed preeclampsia compared with 15.6% in the placebo group. Within both groups, no significant differences in the frequency of preeclampsia between treatment or placebo groups were noted. Only the mean arterial pressure at enrollment was significantly associated with the development of preeclampsia. In patients without chronic hypertension, 6% of the study group and 2.4% in the placebo group developed severe preeclampsia, not a significant difference. No patient died. Two patients in each group developed HELLP syndrome.Rates of gestational diabetes (3.4% vs. 3.7%), abruptio placentae (1.1% vs. 2.3%), induction of labor (14.6% vs. 18.3%), and cesarean delivery (66.0% vs. 67.6%) were not significantly different between the study and placebo groups, respectively, Premature rupture of the membranes occurred more frequently in the study patients than in the placebo group (10.6% vs. 5.5%, P = 0.015) The groups did not differ significantly in the rate of fetal and neonatal deaths, preterm delivery, low birth weight, small for gestational age, low Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, and neonatal morbidities. Seven patients in the study group and 6 in the placebo group stopped taking the pills because of perceived side effects, including itching, eczema, vomiting, abdominal pain with or without diarrhea, headache, constipation, malaise, and diminished vision. One fetus in t...

The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of injuries in Brazilian professional surfers who took part in one of the stages of the Professional Brazilian Surf Championship for men. There were 32 professional surfers participating in the study and each one of them filled in a questionnaire about the injuries they had suffered during the surf practice. There were found 112 injuries among all the participants of the study. Lacerations/cuts was the most frequent injury, 38 (33.9%); followed by sprains, 29 (25.9%); contusions, 16 (14.2%); strains, 14 (12.5%); burns, 9 (8.0%); fractures, 6 (5.3%). We conclude that most of the injuries were originated by trauma, suggesting that the extrinsic factors inherent to this sport are potentially harmful to the athletes. . .. .

Objective: To investigate the difference in the proportion of adolescents with metabolic syndrome diagnosed based on three different criteria, as well as the use of insulin resistance instead of fasting glucose.

Resumo Contexto: Diferentes estudos discutem a relação da prática excessiva de exercícios físicos com transtornos alimentares como estratégia para perda de peso. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura sobre a prática de exercícios físicos em pacientes com transtornos alimentares, discutindo definições, critérios diagnósticos e propostas terapêuticas. Métodos: Levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado por meio de MedLine, LILACS e Cochrane Library, com os termos "transtornos alimentares", "anorexia", "bulimia", "exercício físico excessivo", "atividade física", "exercício obrigatório", "exercício compulsivo" e "exercício excessivo". Resultados: Dos 80 artigos encontrados, foram selecionados 12 que incluíam a investigação de um padrão de atividade física considerado excessivo em indivíduos acima dos 18 anos e uso de algum instrumento de avaliação para essa finalidade. A prática de exercícios físicos em pacientes com transtornos do comportamento alimentar é revisada. Conclusão: Não há consenso sobre critérios diagnósticos e instrumentos para considerar o exercício físico como inadequado ou excessivo e seu uso como recurso para perder peso. Por outro lado, a prática de exercícios físicos durante o tratamento de pacientes com transtornos alimentares pode ser benéfica desde que orientada e supervisionada. Teixeira PC, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2009;36(4):145-52Palavras-chave: Transtornos alimentares, anorexia, bulimia, exercício físico excessivo. AbstractBackground: Several studies discuss the relationship between excessive physical exercises and eating disorder patient as a strategy to lose weight. Objective: Review the literature concerning physical exercises in eating disorder patients including definitions, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic proposals. Methods: A literature review was done through MedLine, LILACS and Cochrane databases using the terms "eating disorders", "anorexia nervosa", "bulimia nervosa", "physical activity", "obligatory exercise", "compulsive exercise" and "excessive exercise". Results: 12 articles in a sampling of 80 were selected. These articles include the investigation of a physical pattern that was considered excessive in adults over 18 and the use of evaluation instruments. The practice of physical exercises in patients with disturbed eating behaviors is revised. Discussion: There is no consensus in literature about diagnostic criteria and instruments to consider the physical exercise as inadequate or excessive and its use as a way to lose weight. On the other hand the practice of physical exercises along the treatment of eating disorder patients could be beneficial if oriented and supervised.Teixeira PC, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2009;36(4):145-52

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Introdução: medidas autorreferidas de massa e estatura têm sido utilizadas para avaliação do estado nutricional em estudos epidemiológicos. Objetivo: verificar a validade da massa e da estatura autorreferidas, bem como do índice de massa corporal (IMC) obtido com estes valores. Método: participaram 395 homens e 549 mulheres . Os dados foram coletados entre estudantes da Universidade Santa Cecília - Santos. Todos os sujeitos referiam a sua massa e estatura, para a realização das medidas em seguida.Utilizou-se o teste t de Student para amostras dependentes para comparação das médias, a correlação linear de Pearson (r) e Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (R) entre as duas formas de obtenção dos resultados. Resultados: os homens autorreferiram de forma válida tanto sua massa (p=0,125; r=0,963; R=0,912) quanto sua estatura (p=0,058; r=0,974; R=0,921), validando a avaliação do estado nutricional. Já as mulheres tenderam a subestimar sua massa corporal (p=0,000; r=0,882; R=0,888) e superestimar sua estatura (p=0,000; r=0,854; R=0,814), causando subestimativa no valor de IMC. Conclusão: para o grupo estudado não seria válido utilizar as medidas autorreferidas de massa e estatura das mulheres para estimativa do seu estado nutricional pelo índice de massa corporal.