PurposeThe purpose of this paper is threefold. The paper aims to explore and present empirical evidence of microeconomical perspective of credit rationing phenomenon with special emphasis on the small and medium‐sized enterprise (SME) sector in the Republic of Croatia. In addition, the intention of this paper is to discuss SMEs' (ir)relevance in economic recovery and growth. Thus, macroeconomical implications of credit rationing problem are indirectly underlined.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical analysis of credit rationing in the corporate bank loan market was carried out on a sample from the Croatian financial market which included data on approximately 4,300 small, medium‐sized and large companies in the period from the end of 2008 to the first quarter of 2010. Multiple linear regression model was developed in order to examine enterprise's size and borrowing costs nexus as well as borrowing costs' determinants. Descriptive statistics provided certain evidence on magnitude of credit rationing and pointed out different levels of interest rates after which credit rationing and credit discouraging appears for various sizes of enterprises.FindingsIn comparison to the large enterprises, SMEs continuously encounter higher borrowing costs, upon which this discrepancy enlarges in the aftermath and presence of financial crisis. Credit spread which is used as a proxy of borrowing costs is statistically significantly determined with enterprise's size, collateral and internal credit rating of a borrower, whereas enterprise's size evidenced the highest explanatory power. Descriptive statistics showed that market cleaning of the SMEs credit applications evolves on the level of higher interest rates.Practical implicationsThe paper recommends thorough reexamination of economic importance of SMEs in Croatia and calls upon more efficient support strategy and fund allocation. Precisely, government actions should stimulate more inclusive bank finance of creditworthy SMEs.Social implicationsThis paper should induce and actualize better understanding of pitfalls, blunders and potentials of SMEs in fostering economic growth. More specifically, conclusions should be helpful to policy makers, national prudential authorities and students of economics.Originality/valueInclusion of borrowing costs in the analysis that presents a cut‐off point of demand and supply driven credit rationing could be a useful method for future empirical research on credit rationing.
The basic purpose of the paper is to research determinants on profitability indicators of the banks in the European Union. Analysed bank profitability indicators considered as a standard are: the return on total bank assets (ROA) and return on total bank equity (ROE). The research model of bank profitability determinants is developed by analysing the systemically important, quoted banks in the European Union, in the 2007–2019 period, by using an adequate panel data analysis technique. The empirical evidence is in line with the initial assumptions: the efficiency of the banking firm, measured by the cost to income ratio and the non-performing loans ratio, has a significant influence on bank profitability, both on ROA and ROE. In the post-crisis period, banking firms ask for efficient cost management in achieving performance objectives. Additional important empirical results of research are the absence of impact of assets size and regulatory capital ratio on profitability indicators. The most important contribution of the paper is related to the sample definition, variable selection and explanatory power of the presented model in explaining global banking tendencies.
Both economic practice and economic theory are interested in analyzing the role of financial sector in promoting the economic development and economic growth. Commercial banks are the most important financial institutions in bank-based economies. The lending activities of commercial banks are limited by regulatory framework, management decisions and credit capacities of borrowers. Regulatory framework has been limited lending potentials of commercial banks because of capital requirements and liquidity management costs. Information asymmetry and adverse selection in decision-making enforce commercial banks to implement credit rationing process even in case of social significance of investment projects. Social responsibility of commercial banks cannot be measured according to the risk-taking activities. Banking financial intermediations have to keep the value of savings deposits under control and protect the stability of financial system. This paper will analyze the risk structure and prudential constrains of bank lending activities. To employ the credit capacity of commercial banks, it is necessary to extend guarantee schemes or promote the alternative financing opportunities in sharing the risk of accelerated growth.
The main objective of this paper is to explore the adjustment of bank business activities to new regulatory capital requests using panel data analyses of the European banking system. The research hypothesis assumes that the increase in capital requirements affects the banks' balance sheet adjustment and bank lending to the non-financial sector. The banks can maintain the higher regulatory capital ratio by increasing the volume of share capital or by decreasing the risk-weighted assets and bank lending activities. The high equity premium upon a new equity issue due to asymmetric information about the bank's net worth discourages the current shareholder to issue additional capital, which has resulted in bank lending constraints and has increased non-risk bank assets. Banks' response to new capital requirements can announce a long-term negative impact to real Ivica Klinac economy and bank depending borrowers. The model of empirical analysis of the banking sector adjustment to new capital requirements will be demonstrated on the sample of publicly listed banking firms in the European Union in the period 2000-2016 using dynamic panel-data estimation with the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) in one-step.
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