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Background:The prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in children and adolescents is in the range of 6-68% and can be triggered or aggravated by emotional stress.Aim:The study was to investigate the prevalence of TMD in Portuguese children and adolescents and its association with emotional stress.Materials and Methods:The sample comprised 3,260 students aged 5-19 years. The questionnaire was used to assess the presence of TMD, and was applied in a single moment.Results:TMD was observed in 821 (25.2%) students. The most common symptoms of TMD were: if considered tense or nervous (52%), have headaches (36.8%), and habit of clenching or grinding teeth (27.3%). The girls had a 1.36 higher probability of developing TMD than boys (95% CI: 1.14-1.63; p < 0.001); moreover, students from the older age group had a 2.31 higher probability of developing the disorder (95% CI: 1.85-2.89; p < 0.001). Students who considered themselves tense or nervous presented 8.74 higher probability (95% CI: 7.03-10.86; p < 0.001) of developing TMD.Conclusion:This study showed a high prevalence of TMD in children and adolescents in southern Portugal, and revealed a significant association between this dysfunction and the levels of emotional stress. Female students, older students, and those considered tense or nervous have a higher probability of developing TMD.

The inhibitory effect of the flavonoid dioclein was assessed on purified vascular cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoforms (EC 3.1.4.17, PDE1-5) in comparison with 8-methoxymethyl-isobutylmethylxanthine (8-MM-IBMX) and vinpocetine which are currently used as PDE1 inhibitors. The mechanism underlying the vasorelaxant effect of dioclein was investigated in human saphenous vein. Dioclein inhibited PDE1 more selectively than vinpocetine and 8-MM-IBMX, with IC(50) values of 2.47+/-0.26 and 1.44+/-0.35 microM, respectively in basal- and calmodulin-activated states. Dioclein behaved as a competitive inhibitor for cGMP hydrolysis by PDE1 in basal- and calmodulin-activated states (K(i)=0.62+/-0.14 and 0.55+/-0.07 microM, respectively), indicating this inhibitory effect to be independent of calmodulin interactions. In addition, dioclein induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of human saphenous vein which was independent on the presence of functional endothelium (EC(50) values of 7.3+/-3.1 and 11+/-2.7 microM, respectively with and without endothelium). 8-MM-IBMX relaxed human saphenous vein with an EC(50)=31+/-16 microM, whereas vinpocetine did not cause any vasorelaxation at concentrations up to 100 microM. Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS, which inhibits cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), blocked the vasodilator effect of dioclein, whereas H-89, which is a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor, had a minor inhibitory effect. Our data show that dioclein is a potent calmodulin-independent selective inhibitor of PDE1 and that inhibition of PDE1 is involved in the PKG-mediated vasorelaxant effect of dioclein in human saphenous vein. Furthermore, dioclein may represent a new archetype to develop more specific PDE1 inhibitors.

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Evidence-based practices search for the best available scientific evidence to support problem solving and decision making. Because of the complexity and amount of information related to health care, the results of methodologically sound scientific papers must be integrated by performing literature reviews. Although endotracheal suctioning is the most frequently performed invasive procedure in intubated newborns in neonatal intensive care units, few Brazilian studies of good methodological quality have examined this practice, and a national consensus or standardization of this technique is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review secondary studies on the subject to establish recommendations for endotracheal suctioning in intubated newborns and promote the adoption of best-practice concepts when conducting this procedure. An integrative literature review was performed, and the recommendations of this study are to only perform endotracheal suctioning in newborns when there are signs of tracheal secretions and to avoid routinely performing the procedure. In addition, endotracheal suctioning should be conducted by at least two people, the suctioning time should be less than 15 seconds, the negative suction pressure should be below 100 mmHg, and hyperoxygenation should not be used on a routine basis. If indicated, oxygenation is recommended with an inspired oxygen fraction value that is 10 to 20% greater than the value of the previous fraction, and it should be performed 30 to 60 seconds before, during and 1 minute after the procedure. Saline instillation should not be performed routinely, and the standards for invasive procedures must be respected.

RESUMOObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a produção de moranga (Cucurbita maxima Duch. Cv Coroa IAC) irrigada com esgoto doméstico tratado. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos se constituíram de : T 1 -irrigação com lâmina de 150% da demanda hídrica da cultura; T 2 -irrigação com lâmina de 150% + adição de CaSO 4 no solo; T 3 -irrigação com lâmina de 100% da demanda hídrica da cultura; T 4 -irrigação com lâmina de 100% + adição de CaSO 4 no solo e T 5 -tratamento testemunha (sem irrigação). Foram avaliados a produtividade da cultura, o peso e o número de frutos, suas características físico-químicas (pH, acidez total, sólidos solúveis, açúcares totais, açúcares redutores e açúcares não redutores) e potencial de contaminação por agentes patogênicos na água. Foi identificada diferença significativa entre o tratamento testemunha e os demais tratamentos em relação à produção, produtividade e número de frutos. As características físico-químicas apresentaram valores similares em todos os tratamentos. Foi registrada a presença de coliformes termo tolerantes somente na superfície externa dos frutos porém em níveis abaixo dos padrões mínimos estabelecidos pelas normas sanitárias.Palavras-chave: reúso de água, irrigação, produtividade agrícola, aspectos sanitários Pumpkin yield irrigated with treated domestic wastewater ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duch. Coroa IAC) irrigated with treated domestic wastewater. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were: T 1 -irrigation depth of 150% of crop water demand; T 2 -irrigation depth of 150% of crop water demand with application of CaSO 4 in soil; T 3 -irrigation depth of 100% of crop water demand; T 4 -irrigation depth of 100% of crop water demand with application of CaSO 4 in soil and T 5 -control (without irrigation). The parameters evaluated were: crop yield, weight and number of fruits, their physico-chemical characteristics and potential contamination by pathogens in water. Significant differences in productivity, yield and number of fruits were identified between the control and all other treatments. The physico-chemical characteristics were similar in all treatments. Thermo tolerant coliforms were detected only on the surface of the fruit, but at levels below the minimum standards established by the sanitary legislation.

To translate and cross-culturally adapt to the Brazilian-Portuguese language (BP), five items were added to Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) to validate the resulting HAQ-S BP version for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The items were translated into BP following translation and back-translation. To assess validity, 25 patients were evaluated using the HAQ, Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI), and laboratory variables (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein). One question required modification to adapt culturally to Brazilian conditions. The test-retest and interobserver correlation coefficients were 0.990 (p<0.05) and 0.993 (p<0.05), respectively. HAQ-S BP correlated to BASFI (r=0.574; p<0.05) and to HAQ (r=0.963; p<0.05), but not to BASDAI (r=0.282), BASMI (r=0.194), and laboratory variable. Individually, the fifth item referring to driving correlated highly to neck rotation (r=0.900; p<0.05), while the HAQ-S BP correlated to the neck rotation component (r=0.303), but did not reach statistical significance. The HAQ-S BP version demonstrated adequate reproducibility, internal consistency and validity, confirming its utility in the research of AS in Brazil.

Soil irrigation using treated wastewater in the Brazilian semiarid region is a promising practice as this area currently faces water scarcity and pollution of water resources by domestic sewage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of treated wastewater in drip irrigation and its effect on the chemistry of soil cultivated with squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) Coroa IAC and to verify whether there was an increase in soil salinity under a semiarid climate. The experiment was conducted for 123 days on a farm close to the sewage treatment plant, in a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of two irrigation water depths (100 and 150 % of the evapotranspiration), two applications of gypsum to attenuate wastewater sodicity (0 and 5.51 g per plant), and a control treatment with no application of wastewater or gypsum. During the experiment, treated wastewater and soil gravitational water, at a depth of 0.40 m, were collected for measurement of Na Besides an increase in pH and a reduction in total N, the irrigation with wastewater reduces soil salinity of the naturally salt-rich soils of the semiarid climate. It also led to soil sodification, in spite of the added gypsum, which indicates that irrigation with wastewater might require the addition of greater quantities of gypsum to prevent physical degradation of the soil.