Background Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are acknowledged, during inflammatory bone destruction, as key regulators of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and activity. However, evidence regarding the exact role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis-related factors in peri-implant diseases is unclear. We aimed to execute a systematic review and meta-analysis about the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis-related factors levels in peri-implant diseases. Methods The focused question was elaborated to summarize the levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis-related factors in tissue samples (mRNA) and biofluids (protein levels) of patients with/without peri-implant diseases. Electronic searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus and Google scholar databases were conducted for publications up to March 2023. Meta-analysis evaluating the mediator´s levels (protein levels by ELISA) in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) were made. The effect size was estimated and reported as the mean difference. The 95% confidence interval was estimated for each mediator, and the pooled effect was determined significant if two-sided p-values < 0.05 were obtained. Results Twenty-two publications were included in the systematic review (qualitative analysis), with nine of these subjected to meta-analyses (quantitative analysis). In the qualitative analysis, higher pro-inflammatory cytokines [Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6] and pro-osteoclastogenic mediator [Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B ligand (RANKL)] levels were observed in PICF of individuals with peri-implant diseases in comparison to healthy individuals. Higher RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratios were observed in PICF from individuals with peri-implant diseases in comparison to healthy individuals. Meta-analysis showed higher RANKL levels in diseased groups compared to controls. Conclusions The results showed that the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and RANKL/OPG are not balanced in peri-implant disease, suggesting that these mediators are involved in the host osteo-immunoinflammatory response related to peri-implantitis.
Objectives To investigate the efficacy of both platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane isolated and injectable PRF (i-PRF) mixed with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in the treatment of rat tibiae non-critical defects. Materials and methods Non-critical bone defects in the tibiae (3.5mm x 1.5mm) of sixty-four rats were made and filled with different materials according to each experimental group: CO: bone defects filled with blood clot; PRF: PRF membranes obtained by fibrin protocol; BO: DBBM isolated and SB: i-PRF mixed with DBBM. Micro–computed tomography (µCT), histological/ histomorphometric analysis, and molecular markers expression were conducted after 15 and 45 days. Results Cortical area analyses by µCT showed superior results for bone formation and cortical thickness in PRF group in comparison to the control group. The PRF exhibited comparable results with BO and SB groups in early periods. However, the DBBM isolated seems to promote more new bone formation in later periods. Histomorphometry analysis demonstrated similar percentage of newly formed bone among the groups at 15 and 45 days. The i-PRF mixed to DBBM bone not enhance the bone formation in comparison to DBBM alone in both µCT and histomorphometry analyses. Bone molecular markers expression demonstrated higher expression of Alpl, Bglap, and Runx2 genes for BO compared to the other groups. Conclusions In conclusion, the PRF, DBBM, and SB groups promoted higher bone formation in rat tibiae non-critical defects in comparison to the control group. However, the addition of i-PRF to DBBM did not improve the DBBM potential in bone healing. Clinical relevance: This pre-clinical study produced insights about the use of modified protocols for obtaining PRF by a low-speed concept which has been associated with more concentration of growth factors and better results than standard PRF protocol.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.