BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The literature mentions several factors influencing chronic pain onset or maintenance; however, it is known that such aspects cannot be generalized and universalized because studies state that socio-cultural differences interfere with pain perception. This study aimed at characterizing patients' perception of their pain and associated suffering as from the projective tool Portrait of Pain. METHODS: This is an exploratory study with 150 patients with different chronic pains. They were evaluated as from sociodemographic variables related to pain and beliefs with regard to pain/suffering and proposed treatment (application of the Portrait of Pain). Information obtained from the Portrait of Pain was analyzed by the content analysis method. A single meeting was scheduled with mean duration of 60 minutes.
RESULTS:The study was made up of 64% of females, mean age of 52.5 years, 46% were married and 46% had not completed high school. Mean pain duration was 6 years (58%). Drawings were grouped in 8 categories (scenes, monsters, objects, geometric shapes, irregular shapes and scribbles, whole human body, parts of the body and miscellaneous), evidencing that half of the subjects associated current suffering to other events with emotional impact and 87% expected to improve as from passive strategies. CONCLUSION: There are few reports on the use of projective tools to evaluate and manage chronic pain. Results suggest that this resource could help characterizing the meaning of pain in
The use of high-quality seeds is a premise for the implantation of pasture for the generation of sustainable farming systems in livestock production. A usual practice is to mix brachiaria seeds with nitrogenous or phosphate fertilizers to sown and sidedressing. The objective of this study was to study the effect of contact time (0, 3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours) of urea mineral fertilizer with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu high-quality seeds, in its physiological quality (germination and vigor). A completely randomized experimental design with additional treatment (seeds without fertilizer) was used, with three replicates, in laboratory and chamber conditions. Percentage of seedling emergence, germination of normal and abnormal seedlings and dead seeds were evaluated. Seeds were sown over the papers placed in gerboxes under controlled conditions of photoperiod and temperature (35°C for 8 hours of light and 20°C for 16 in dark conditions). It was found that after 72 hours of contact, all seeds lose its viability. The number of dead seeds presented significant (p <0.001) and negative correlation of 98.63% for the number of normal seedlings. The mix ratio between urea and seed affects the rate of seed deterioration, expressed as the lowest percentage of seedlings emerged in the sand, in relation to seeds not in contact with urea (control). It is concluded that from the reduction in viability and vigor begin after 3 hours of contact with fertilizers, so the number of unviable seeds highly increase after 48-hours contact.
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