Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The author thanks Pavel Mahonín, Petr Mateju and Jiri Vecerník for making available the micro-data used in this research and T. Paul Schultz, Michael Montias, Jenny Hunt and three anonymous referees for guidance and helpful comments. Terms of use: Documents in MARKETS FOR COMMUNIST HUMAN CAPITAL: Returns to Education and Experience in the Czech Republic and Slovakia Robert S. Chase AbstractThis research examines differences in earnings structure between Communist and post-Communist Czech Republic and Slovakia using four sets of similar micro-data. It presents hypotheses about how earnings dispersion returns to education and returns to experience will change across regimes and tests those hypotheses using earnings equations. From approximately 2.5 percent in 1984, the return to education increased to approximately 5 percent by 1993. During that period, returns to experience fell. Though women have higher returns to education, returns for men increased more across regime change. Those with academic secondary education experienced a particularly large earnings increase. Earnings structure changes appear larger in the Czech Republic than in Slovakia.In former Communist countries, economic, political and social institutions have changed markedly since 1989. Previously, as part of a social policy purported to deliver equity between workers, central planners set wages by industry and occupation, so earnings and income profiles were compressed compared to those of market economies. Now that central planners' influence over the labor allocation system has relaxed, do earnings structures in post-Communist economies approximate those in market economies? While earnings seem to have become more dispersed, questions remain concerning their structure during the Communist era, in postCommunist economies, and differences between the two. How do earnings relate to worker characteristics, particularly worker's education and experience? Comparing the two regimes, are education and experience valued in different ways? How do men's and women's earnings differ across regime change?

These results provide strong evidence that the Gulf war and trade sanctions caused a threefold increase in mortality among Iraqi children under five years of age. We estimate that more than 46,900 children died between January and August 1991.

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The author thanks Pavel Mahonín, Petr Mateju and Jiri Vecerník for making available the micro-data used in this research and T. Paul Schultz, Michael Montias, Jenny Hunt and three anonymous referees for guidance and helpful comments. Terms of use: Documents in MARKETS FOR COMMUNIST HUMAN CAPITAL: Returns to Education and Experience in the Czech Republic and Slovakia Robert S. Chase AbstractThis research examines differences in earnings structure between Communist and post-Communist Czech Republic and Slovakia using four sets of similar micro-data. It presents hypotheses about how earnings dispersion returns to education and returns to experience will change across regimes and tests those hypotheses using earnings equations. From approximately 2.5 percent in 1984, the return to education increased to approximately 5 percent by 1993. During that period, returns to experience fell. Though women have higher returns to education, returns for men increased more across regime change. Those with academic secondary education experienced a particularly large earnings increase. Earnings structure changes appear larger in the Czech Republic than in Slovakia.In former Communist countries, economic, political and social institutions have changed markedly since 1989. Previously, as part of a social policy purported to deliver equity between workers, central planners set wages by industry and occupation, so earnings and income profiles were compressed compared to those of market economies. Now that central planners' influence over the labor allocation system has relaxed, do earnings structures in post-Communist economies approximate those in market economies? While earnings seem to have become more dispersed, questions remain concerning their structure during the Communist era, in postCommunist economies, and differences between the two. How do earnings relate to worker characteristics, particularly worker's education and experience? Comparing the two regimes, are education and experience valued in different ways? How do men's and women's earnings differ across regime change?

No abstract

We explore the social capital impacts of a community-driven development project in the Philippines in which communities competed for block grants for infrastructure investment. The analysis uses a unique panel data set of about 2100 households, aggregated at the village-level, collected in 66 treatment and 69 comparison communities. We provide both difference-in-differences and propensity score matching estimates. We find that the project increased participation in village assemblies and the frequency with which local officials meet with residents and had a negative impact on collective action. There is also more limited evidence of a positive impact of the project on bridging (i.e., generalized) trust and of a negative impact on group membership.