This article reviews important trends in college counseling work over the past 30 years revealed through an annual survey of college counseling center directors. The article also focuses on questions raised in the survey that generated important professional discussions and on other contributions the survey has made to the counseling profession. Initially the survey results provided important information to counseling center directors and their staffs. However, due to media interest, the survey gradually gained an expanded audience among higher education administrators and also helped to educate the broader public about the nature and importance of counseling center work.
Capsular polysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria play an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of the cell in hostile environments and, because of their diversity within a given species, can act as useful taxonomic aids. In order to characterize the genetic locus for capsule biosynthesis in the oral gramnegative bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, we analyzed the genome of P. gingivalis W83 which revealed two candidate loci at PG0106-PG0120 and PG1135-PG1142 with sufficient coding capacity and appropriate gene functions based on comparisons with capsule-coding loci in other bacteria. Insertion and deletion mutants were prepared at PG0106-PG0120 in P. gingivalis W50-a K1 serotype. Deletion of PG0109-PG0118 and PG0116-PG0120 both yielded mutants which no longer reacted with antisera to K1 serotypes. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the locus in strains representing all six K-antigen serotypes and K ؊ strains demonstrated significant variation between serotypes and limited conservation within serotypes. In contrast, PG1135-PG1142 was highly conserved in this collection of strains. Sequence analysis of the capsule locus in strain 381 (K ؊ strain) demonstrated synteny with the W83 locus but also significant differences including replacement of PG0109-PG0110 with three unique open reading frames, deletion of PG0112-PG0114, and an internal termination codon within PG0106, each of which could contribute to the absence of capsule expression in this strain. Analysis of the Arg-gingipains in the capsule mutants of strain W50 revealed no significant changes to the glycan modifications of these enzymes, which indicates that the glycosylation apparatus in P. gingivalis is independent of the capsule biosynthetic machinery.
The accreditation standards outlined in the article are used by the International Association of Counseling Services, Inc., as the basis for the formal accreditation of college and university counseling programs throughout the United States and Canada. They reflect the program elements and practice standards that are deemed essential in a counseling center that provides high‐quality services to students.
A pilot comparison of two ichthyoplankton sampling gears was conducted in the lower Mississippi River, Louisiana. The two gears were (1) a 1-m-diameter conical plankton net towed at the surface and (2) two 0.5-m-diameter, bridleless, conical nets pushed at the surface from either side of the bow of a boat. Sampling was conducted on two different days, during light and dark periods, at three stations representing swift surface currents, sluggish currents, and slack water. Ichthyoplankton were more abundant in townet collections at the fastwater station during daylight hours and at the slackwater station at night, whereas pushed nets were more effective at the slackwater station during daylight hours and at the fastwater station at night. Shads Dorosoma spp. and freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens accounted for 94% of all fish larvae collected.Relative abundance of shads was greatest in daylight pushnet collections whereas drum were most abundant in daylight townet collections. Major additional trends: (1) shads, particularly protolarvae, were concentrated in the upper 50 cm of the water column in daylight collections, but were more uniformly distributed at night; (2) freshwater drums were more abundant in the 50-100-cm stratum during daylight collections, but were more uniformly distributed at night;(3) older freshwater drum larvae were more abundant in nighttime collections, whereas protolarvae were more abundant in daylight samples. References
A pretest-posttest-control group design assessed the effects of a series of three 90-minute structured, career workshops on undergraduate career clients at the counseling center of a large urban university. Rotter's I-E Control Scale measured locus of control, the Career Maturity Inventory assessed career maturity and career indecision was measured by the Career Decision Scale. The effects of the intervention were examined using an ANCOVA. Theoretical relationships among the variables were explored using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients. The findings indicate that the intervention increased students' career decidedness. Locus of control and career maturity were not changed significantly. Results also suggest that undergraduate career clients are a subpopulation of undecided students who are ready for career decision making.
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