Experiments were designed to produce biochemical changes in both serum and bone in rats by long-term dietary deficiencies of manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu). Weanling rats were fed one of three diets: 1) normal Mn and Cu (N), 2) low Mn and Cu (L) and 3) depleted Mn and normal Cu (D). After 12 mo, serum Ca and P were significantly greater in the D rats than the N rats (134, 50 mg/L and 103, 39 mg/L, respectively). Serum and femur Mn levels were lower in D rats than in normal rats. Serum and femur Cu levels were lower in L rats than N rats. Femur Ca concentrations were significantly lower in D rats than in N rats (180 and 272 mg/g, respectively). Radiographic differences could be detected in some rats fed the L and D diets. In the two deficient groups, increased serum Ca was negatively correlated with bone Ca (r = -0.69; P less than 0.01). This biochemical association may represent alterations in regulatory control of Ca at the level of the bone (decreased mineralization) combined with an increase in bone resorption. The effect of long-term dietary deficiencies in Mn and Cu should be considered in human bone metabolism.

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Histiocytoid hemangioma is a related family of endothelial cell neoplasms, which was described by Rosai et al. [14] in 1979 and which encompasses a group of osseous, vascular and cutaneous neoplasms. These neoplasms bear a close resemblance to the angiosarcoma/hemangioendothelioma family of malignant neoplasms. A case of histiocytoid hemangioma is reported that presented as a multicentric osseous lesion and was initially diagnosed as angiosarcoma. The patient has had a remarkably benign course and at a later date developed skin and bone lesions diagnosed as angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia identical to the initial lesion. This represents the first reported case of identical osseous and cutaneous lesions of the histiocytoid hemangioma group in the same patient and lends credence to Rosai's concept. A review of the literature concerning angiosarcoma/hemangioendothelioma of the bone is presented with the conclusion that some lesions considered to represent multicentric angiosarcoma may represent the more benign histiocytoid hemangioma.