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The expansion of service levels in traditional community pharmacies in the face of structural and process impediments as well as the lack of reinforcement that would be provided by demand and reimbursement for such services requires a highly dedicated professional. As a result, this research had the goals of investigating the relationship between service provision and pharmacist willingness and competency, and characterizing pharmacists who presently do or do not provide expanded levels of service. A census of South Carolina community pharmacists was carried out using a self-administered, mail questionnaire. Analysis of the 890 responses representing 63.4 percent of the sample revealed that there is a significant relationship between pharmacists' willingness and ability and the extent to which they provide expanded levels of service. Pharmacists providing services were not only more willing and able to do so, but worked longer hours, tended to work in apothecary or independent pharmacies, held advanced degrees, and were more involved in continuing education. The results generally support the hypothesis that both willingness and competency may serve as barriers to the extension of clinical services into traditional community pharmacy settings.

In componential segmentation the researcher is interested in decomposing survey respondents' evaluations of conjoint-designed product descriptions into separate contributions; these contributions are due to stimulus attributes, respondent attributes, and/or conjoint-designed situation attributes. Previous research has employed either scalar product or ANOVA-like decompositions.The present paper extends earlier research by presenting a procedure for finding optimal market segments for given products, and vice versa. The model is developed in the context of the ANOVAtype formulation of componential segmentation.

The second phase of a two-part investigation of factors influencing the development of clinical pharmaceutical services in retail practice is presented. This report focuses on why pharmacists who reported a willingness and competency to perform services in Phase I had not developed such a practice. Transcripts from 11 focus group interviews conducted with pharmacists throughout South Carolina were analyzed by two panels. The first panel summarized subjects' comments regarding the major dimensions: (1) awareness, (2) demand, (3) motivation, (4) requisites, and (5) barriers for delivery of services. The second panel judged the validity of the first panel's analysis. Pharmacists were aware of common clinical services, but had given little thought to unique services oriented to patients' needs. Monetary factors were deemed to be more important than was concluded from the first phase. Pharmacists saw a minimal demand for services, but a great need. Pharmacists also felt the need for more clinical skills, but better systems of delivery also were emphasized. The report concludes with a strategy for promoting clinical services in retail practice.

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