This article discusses an equation that expresses the filtration of an iron‐bearing water under normal conditions of body feed, iron concentration, and filtration rate. The equation has been verified in the laboratory in the removal of 2 to 8 ppm of iron from water at a filtration rate of 1 gpm/sq ft. Runs to evaluate applicability of the equation at higher flow rates are now being made.
This article discusses a study conducted at Iowa State University to develop a method of analyzing data from pilot tests with a raw water supply for use in the design of a diatomite filter plant. A method was developed for obtaining plant operating conditions at a minimum cost by the specification of the overall optimum body feed, the optimum filtration rate, and the optimum terminal‐head loss that will permit water to be filtered at the lowest total cost per 1,000 gal. A method of finding this optimum design combination is demonstrated for three cities of different sizes with waters of three different iron concentrations.
A-Filter or septum area 2. C-Constant 3. C D-Concentration of diatomite (body feed rate) mg/l 4. CHP-Constant head permeameter 5. conc.-Concentration 6. C s-Concentration of suspended solids (iron) mg/l 7. Cu-copper 8. dg-weight of suspended matter per unit volume as trapped in the filter 9. Eff-Effluent 10. Exp-Experiment 11. Fe-iron, ferrous or ferric state 12. ft-feet 13. gal-gallons 14. gpm/sq ft-gallons per minute per square foot 15. h-head loss 16. H-Hydrogen 17. Inf-Influent 18. K-Coefficient of permeability or permeability of porous media 19. Ki-a given constant 20. L-Thickness of porous media 21. lb-pound 22. lb/cu ft-pounds per cubic foot X ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS (Continued) 23. mg/l-milligrams per liter, often referred to as ppm (parts per million) 24. min-minutes 25. ml-milliliters 26. no.-Number 27. 0-0xygen 28. P-The ratio of void space to the volume occupied by the filter cake 29. PP-Pilot plant 30. Q-Rate of filtration, volume per area per time 31. Sptrn-Slope of straight line from a CHP run CHP (in rate/gal) 32. Sypp-Slope of straight line from a VHP run 1 (a head loss/gal) 33. T-time 34. THL-Terminal head loss 35. u-micron = l/lOOO millimeter 36. V-volume 37. VHP-Variable head permeameter 12 CHP throughout this study. 8. Iron The terra iron, as used througnout tnis study, refers to the ferric or ferrous ions in solution or in suspension in water regardless of their combined state.
This article discusses the different factors of diatomite filtration which may be optimized before the proper body feed, filtration rate, and terminal head loss can be selected. The overall optimum body feed, optimum filtration rate, and optimum terminal head loss combine to produce potable water at the minimum cost per gallon. These optimums are influenced by four cost factors: labor, power, diatomite, and equipment.
No abstract
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.