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This work is the first part of a treatment of New World Xyridaceae, exclusive of Xyris, and is focused on the other four genera that make up this family, namely Abolboda (21 species), Achlyphila (one species), Aratitiyopea (one species), and Orectanthe (two species). The treatment is conventional, providing (1) a general description, (2) a key to the genera, (3) detailed descriptions of each of the four genera and keys to their species where needed, and (4) illustrations of species and varieties together with synonymy and geographic distribution. Some realignment of taxa IS presented. Two new species, Abolboda dunstervillei and A. scabrida, and one new variety, Abolboda acaulis var. scaposa, are proposed.