Hearing can be preserved in traditional CI patients implanted with a conventional electrode. Although preservation of hearing may have implications for future technology, it is not currently correlated with speech performance in the CI-only condition.

While previous studies have demonstrated superior postoperative speech recognition scores in LW electrode array recipients, these differences lose significance when controlling for baseline hearing and speech recognition ability. These data demonstrate the proclivity for implanting individuals with greater residual hearing with LW electrodes and its impact on postoperative results.

Abstracti mb_921 109..120Pax genes are a group of critical developmental transcriptional regulators in both invertebrates and vertebrates, characterized by the presence of a paired DNA-binding domain. Pax proteins also often contain an octapeptide motif and a C-terminal homeodomain. The genome of Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera) has recently become available, and analysis of this genome alongside Apis mellifera allowed us to contribute to the phylogeny of this gene family in insects. Nasonia, a parasitic wasp, has independently evolved a similar mode of development to that of the wellstudied Drosophila, making it an excellent model system for comparative studies of developmental gene networks. We report the characterization of the seven Nasonia Pax genes. We describe their genomic organization, and the embryonic expression of three of them, and uncover wider conservation of the octapeptide motif than previously described.

Vascular malformations of the head and neck are complex lesions that are notoriously difficult to manage. Treatment of these lesions often requires a multispecialty and multimodal approach. In the modern era of evidence-based medicine, it has become imperative for clinicians to incorporate evidence-based treatment algorithms into their everyday practices. With general widespread inundation of the literature with levels IV and V clinical evidence, however, it is often difficult to draw meaningful conclusions that can be practically applied to the clinical question at hand. When asking how best to manage the most common vascular malformations, we are faced with this large volume of lower level studies conducted in drastically different ways without consistency in outcomes reporting, thus making direct comparison nearly impossible. Furthermore, much of the evidence shows mixed results, adding to confusion over what the optimal evidence-based treatment approaches truly are. In attempt to derive consensus from available literature discussing the management of vascular malformations, we reviewed the current literature detailing modern-day treatment approaches for lymphatic malformations, venous malformations, and arteriovenous malformations of the head and neck.