Summary -Hobo elements are a family of transposable elements found in Drosophila melanogaster which present a specific deletion-derivative element (Th)
The transposable element hobo has been introduced into the previously empty Drosophila melanogaster strain Hikone so that its dynamics can be followed and it can be compared with the P element. Five transformed lines were followed over 58 generations. The results were highly dependent on the culture temperature, the spread of hobo element being more efficient at 25 degrees C. The multiplication of hobo sequences resulted in a change in the features of these lines in the hobo system of hybrid dysgenesis. The number of hobo elements remained low (two to seven copies) and the insertions always corresponded to complete sequences. Our findings suggest that, despite their genetic similarities, P and hobo elements differ in many aspects, such as mobility and regulation mechanisms.
Eupelmus vuilleti est un ectoparasitoïde primaire et solitaire des stades larvaires de Bruchidae (Callosobruchus maculatus, Bruchidius atrolineatus). En présence d'une forte compétition pour les hôtes sains, E. vuilleti a un comportement ovicide ou larvicide vis-à-vis du Pteromalidae D. basalis en développement (cleptoparasitisme) ; l'expression extrême du cleptoparasitisme conduit les femelles de E. vuilleti à hyperparasiter le dernier stade larvaire (stade L5) de D. basalis. Dans ce travail, on a comparé la variabilité du succès reproducteur des mâles développés en hyperparasitisme à celle des mâles développés sur des hôtes primaires. Le succès reproducteur de ces mâles de 24 h d'âge, analysé en fonction de leur poids, est mesuré par la quantité de spermatozoïdes stockés dans les vésicules séminales, et par la qualité de l'insémination ; cette dernière est définie comme la quantité de spermatozoïdes stockés dans la spermathèque des femelles après un premier accouplement, et par les effectifs de filles engendrées. Les adultes de E. vuilleti dont les larves se sont développées en hyperparasitoïdes sont de taille inférieure à ceux développés sur hôtes primaires ; toutefois, ils possèdent toutes les potentialités requises pour réinvestir une population d'hôtes primaires quand la compétition pour les hôtes devient moins intense.
In 1983, an extensive survey of populations of D. melanogaster was started in a southern French region (Languedoc) in two non-Mendelian systems: the P -M system of transposable elements and the hereditary Rhabdovirus sigma. Unexpectedly fast-evolving phenomena were observed and interesting correlations were noted, giving similar geographical pattern to the region in both systems. For these reasons, the analysis was continued and extended towards the north (Rhone Valley) and the south (Spain). In the P -M system, all the Languedoc populations evolved from 1983 to 1991 towards the Q type which is characteristic of the Rhone Valley populations. In contrast, M ' strains are currently observed in the southernmost French populations and in all Spanish ones, so that there is a clear pattern in their geographical distribution.The frequency of flies infected by the sigma virus dramatically increased from 1983 to 1988 in Languedoc; this increase was clearly correlated with some viral characteristics. But, in northern France, similar characteristics did not trigger any increase in the frequency of infected flies. The data presented here show that the distinctive features of Languedoc extend northwards through the Rhone Valley up to Lyon and disappears southwards before the Spanish border.
GRH 60
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