This article reports the results of an investigation on the fact that the total flow of the Ohio River has been reused from four to as many as sixteen or seventeen times when the river passes Cincinnati. The data was based on an evaluation of water use and stream flow by the U.S. Geological Survey and supplemented with inventory records from the member states of the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia). Study conclusions indicated that: water withdrawn for municipal and industrial process use in the Ohio River drainage district (upstream from the confluence of the Ohio with the Cumberland and the Tennessee) totals 1.47 bgd; cooling water service for industrial and power plant installation totals 25.875 bgd; under drought flow conditions, less than one‐sixth of the stream flow in the Ohio River consists of water previously withdrawn for municipal or industrial process use, which is treated to reduce contamination prior to its return to the river; and, total municipal and industrial withdrawals would have to increase by 500 per cent before the point would be reached at which additional withdrawals would consist of once‐used water.
Disposal of textile wastes with domestic sewage appears logical since it reduces the capital outlay for plant facilities, places all treatment under constant and skilled supervision, and eliminates many chances of neglect and mismanagement by mill labor. Of the many problems arising from combined treatment the most important is the character of sewage reaching the disposal plant. Equalization and regulation of discharge of industrial wastes are necessary to prevent rapid change in environmental conditions for the bacteria and other organisms carrying on purification processes.Reduction of waste volume and recovery of by-products should be employed wherever practical. Preliminary treatment, including nentralization, chemical precipitation, and aeration is sometimes necessary to lessen the load applied to biological processes.The activated sludge process and biological filters employing recirculation of the effluent can be used successfully to treat textile wastes-domestic sewage mixtures. The activated sludge process removes color better, but it is more easily upset by variations in the character of the waste. In general, digester capacity will have to be increased when treating textile wastes with domestic sewage.The successful treatment of textile wastes in conjunction with domestic sewage calls upon the operator for the highest type of service. By means of adequate control and adjustment of the various, processes excellent results are obtainable.
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