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Pattern recognition (PR) concerns the description or classification (recognition) of measurements. PR capability is often a prerequisite for intelligent behavior. PR is not one technique, but rather a broad body of often loosely related knowledge and techniques. PR may be characterized as an information reduction, information mapping, or information labeling process. Historically, the two major approaches to pattern recognition are statistical (or decision theoretic), hereafter denoted StatPR, and syntactic (or structural), hereafter denoted SyntPR. The technology of artificial neural networks has provided another alternative, neural pattern recognition, hereafter denoted NeurPR. NeurPR is especially well suited for “black box” implementation of PR algorithms. As no single technology is always the optimal solution for a given PR problem, all three are often considered in the quest for a solution.

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This DES, if improved, could be useful for a telemedicine approach to outpatient routine EEG recording within the Veterans Administration or other health system.

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The sections in this article are Patterns and Features Statistical Pattern Recognition (StatPR) Syntactic (Structural) Pattern Recognition Neural Pattern Recognition

Worcester Polytechnic I n s t i t u t e , Worcester, Massachusetts University of V i r g i n i a , C h a r l o t t e s v i l l e , V i r g i n i a A b s t r a c t The development of algorithms f o r r e a l -t i m e , automatic systems capable of t r a c k i n g 2-D t a r g e t s i n complex scenes i s discussed. The problems and c o n s t r a i n t s involved i n such an undertaking as w e l l as previous e f f o r t s a r e summarized. I n a d d i t i o n , a mathematical model of scene s p a t i a l and temporal e v o l u t i o n i s developed f o r c e r t a i n c l a s s e s of targ e t s and t a r g e t p e r t u r b a t i o n s . I t i s shown t h a t f o r s m a l l t a r g e t p e r t u r b a t i o n s t h e 2-D t r a c k i n g problem may be approximated as a 1-D time-varying parameter e s t i m a t i o n problem. Algorithms r e s u l t i n g from s e v e r a l e s t i m a t i o n approaches a r e discussed. I n t r o d u c t i o n A s t h e speed, c a p a b i l i t y and economic advant a g e s of modern s i g n a l p r o c e s s i n g devices continue t o i n c r e a s e , t h e r e i s simultaneously an i n c r e a s e i n e f f o r t s aimed a t developing s o p h i s t i c a t e d , r e a ltime automatic systems capable of emulating human ( o r perhaps more g e n e r a l l y , b i o l o g i c a l ) f u n c t i o n s . The r e s e a r c h d e s c r i b e d h e r e i n concerns t h e development and implementation of algorithms f o r a r e a ltime v i d e o t r a c k i n g system, i n p a r t i c u l a r , a dedic a t e d d i s c r e t e -a n a l o g computer capable of processi n g complex, time-varying v i s u a l information i n o rd e r t o e x t r a c t t h e camera mount c o n t r o l o r guidance s i g n a l s necessary t o follow a predetermined v i s u a l t a r g e t . The attempted automation of t h i s c a p a b i l i t y r e s u l t s i n an extremely complicated problem. This i s a t least p a r t i a l l y due t o t h e f a c t t h a t " . The t a r g e t t o be t r a c k e d is l o c a t e d through a viewing system (a CCD camer and mount w i t h a z imuth, e l e v a t i o n and zoom c o n t r o l s i s assumed) i n such a way t h a t automatic f e a t u r e e x t r a c t i o n i s nade p o s s i b l e . Once t h e t a r g e t i s l o c a t e d , it i s d e s i r e d t h a t t h e automatic system provide c o n t r o l s i g n a l s t o t h e camera mount t o keep t h e t a r g e t cent e r e d i n t h e camera f i e l d of view (FOV), i n s p i t e of t a r g e t t r a n s l a t i o n , r o t a t i o n (3-D), magnificat i o n , and p o s s i b l y temporary occlusion ( p a r t i a l o r t o t a l ) . Thus, t h e o v e r a l l problem i s t o design a "2-D r e g u l a t o r " f o r a c l o s e d loop c o n t r o l system w i t h both 1 -D and 2-D " l i n k s , " * and t h e r e f o r e i t should be expected t h a t both c o n t r o l and image proc e s s i n g theory w i l l be employed i n t h e s o l u t i o n . The m i l i t a r y and i n d u s t r i a l a p p l i c a t i o n s f ...