The tomatopotato psyllid incurs high control costs through intensive spraying and other treatments A field study was conducted in March 2012 in Pukekohe New Zealand to evaluate the pesticide deposition potential of five different spray delivery systems The treatments included a conventional boom a canopy submerged drop sprayer combination a pneumatic electrostatic spraying system an airassisted rotary atomizer and a highvolume airassist boom Each system was calibrated for appropriate spray volume rates between 167 and 400 litres/ha Rhodamine WT fluorescent dye used as a tracer was sampled on folded Kromekote sampling cards oriented flat and horizontally above central to and below the canopy Spray coverage rates were quantified at designated heights adjacent to leaves to assess deposition throughout the potato canopy All treatments that consisted of one or more novel technologies consistently gave higher coverage to the underside of the potato leaves than with the conventional boom
ResumenLos cimarrones surgieron de campañas armadas de auto‐emancipación en contra de la esclavitud en las américas, siendo Jamaica la que albergó comunidades de cimarrones que ahora están organizados como formas de gobierno interculturales. La etnogénesis y lucha de los cimarrones dió lugar a una ética ambiental en donde las características de los ecosistemas locales están profundamente conectados con la memoria histórica colectiva y con la vida espiritual. Los cimarrones de Accompong de Jamaica acoplan dentro de su estructura social una visión única de la protección ambiental enraizado en sus conexiones ancestrales a la tierra. Aquí lo describimos como Ecología Cimarrona. Es esta ética que inspira su lucha contra la industria extractiva, cuyas acciones, desde el punto de vista de los cimarrones, son perjudiciales para la integridad de su tierra y su autonomía. La Ecología Cimarrona se diferencia del ambientalismo Jamaicano dominante al demandar soberanía y una redistribución soberanía como parte de la protección ambiental. Esta práctica sitúa la Ecología Cimarrona dentro del movimiento global por la justicia ambiental. Este último caso del legado de resistencia de Accompong coloca a los cimarrones como actores clave dentro de las politicas ambientales y de desarrollo del Caribe. [Cimarrones, desarrollo, extracción de recursos, justicia ambiental, soberanía]
AGDISP is a wellestablished spray drift model that has been validated for aerial spraying of forests Recently a prototypical ground boom option has been added to AGDISP This was evaluated in the current study by collecting data from spray trials over a grass sward using a ground boom sprayer and representative application parameters Spray solutions were made up of water sticker adjuvant and a metal cation which was changed for each spray application Deposition from spray drift was measured by analyses of the cation deposits on artificial targets (plastic tapes) placed on the grass surface Measured deposition was compared with profiles calculated using AGDISP AGDISP overpredicted deposition from spray drift by a factor of 35100 outside the spray block Possible reasons for these discrepancies are given Options are to improve measured deposition and the algorithms for the deposition on the downwind swath of the spray block and evaporation of droplets
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