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Latency between indication to treat and treatment is responsible for irreversible VA deterioration. A successful PRN treatment regimen for neovascular AMD requires immediate access to therapy after indication.

Laser flare photometry allows simple risk estimation for later PVR development. Elevated laser flare values correspond to an altered profibrotic intraocular cytokine milieu. These factors therefore constitute promising targets for a prophylactic intervention.

Simultaneous elevation of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and MCP-1 concentrations in FECDpsph eyes confirms that cataract surgery leads to long-term alterations of the intraocular microenvironment. Positive correlation of increased aqueous TGF-β1 and MCP-1 levels with CPTR3.5 in pseudophakic FECD eyes suggests that changed cytokine levels may be involved in corneal decompensation after cataract surgery. Unchanged aqueous humor levels of EMT-related proteins analyzed in phakic FECD patients indicate that there is no primary role of these aqueous cytokines in FECD pathogenesis.