This study examined the influence of family rejection, social isolation, and loneliness on negative health outcomes among Thai male-to-female transgender adolescents. The sample consisted of 260 male respondents, of whom 129 (49.6%) were self-identified as transgender and 131 (50.4%) were self-identified as cisgender (nontransgender). Initial multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the transgender respondents, when compared to the cisgender respondents, reported significantly higher family rejection, lower social support, higher loneliness, higher depression, lower protective factors (PANSI-positive) and higher negative risk factors (PANSI-negative) related to suicidal behavior, and were less certain in avoiding sexual risk behaviors. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the exogenous variables of family rejection, social isolation, and loneliness were significant predictors of both transgender and cisgender adolescents' reported levels of depression, suicidal thinking, and sexual risk behaviors. The implications of these findings are discussed.

University students (N = 617; 242 male, 375 female) completed a questionnaire designed to tap attitudes toward paternal and maternal parenting. Significant gender‐based differences were found for the authoritative and permissive styles of parenting. Mothers, rather than fathers, were perceived to be more likely to use these styles. When considering the extent to which parents differentiated between their sons and daughters, significant differences were found for each of the three parenting styles. Fathers were perceived by male respondents to be more likely to use an authoritarian style. Mothers were perceived to be more likely to use an authoritative style by female respondents, and a permissive style by male respondents. Some of the socialisation implications stemming from these gender‐based differences are discussed, particularly with regard to aggressiveness.

Object. The purpose of this study was to confirm, by using a sequential volume mapping (SVM) technique, that gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) induces negative growth in vestibular schwannomas (VS). Methods. Over a period of 5 years, 126 small- to medium-sized (< 15 cm3) VSs were treated using microradiosurgical techniques within a standard protocol. All patient data were collected prospectively. Sequential magnetic resonance imaging was performed every 6 months to assess the volume of the tumor, based on specially developed GammaPlan software. The mean follow-up duration was 22 months. At least three SVM measurements were obtained in 91 patients and at least four were obtained in 62 patients. The mean number of SVM measurements for each patient was 2.54. After GKS, the following patterns of volume change were seen: 1) 57 VSs showed transient increase in volume with a peak at 6 months, followed by shrinkage. Four VSs exhibited prolonged swelling beyond 24 months. Transient swelling and eventual shrinkage were independent of the initial VS volume; 2) 29 VSs showed direct volume shri6nkage without swelling; and 3) five VSs showed persistent volume increase. All volume changes were greater than 10%. The overall mean volume reduction was 46.8% at 30 months. Conclusions. Sequential volume mapping appears to be superior to conventional two-dimensional measurements in monitoring volume changes in VS after GKS. It confirms that transient swelling is common. Ninety-two percent of tumors responded by showing significant volume shrinkage (mean 46.8%). It would seem that GKS can induce volume reduction in VS.

The 18-item Need for Cognition (NFC) Scale (short version) was administered to two samples of 510 and 697 Australian males and females. Consistent with the findings of other researchers, a principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated one dominant factor. The scores for 17 of the items were also shown to have internal consistency. The findings indicate that the short NFC Scale is applicable for use with Australian samples.

The assimilationist approach to Australia's large-scale immigration program since the Second World War has recently been replaced by a policy of multiculturalism. While it is clear that public policy may have accepted multiculturalism as the appropriate philosophy for contemporary Australia, there is evidence to suggest that much of the community has yet to agree. This study has been designed to investigate Australian-born respondents' attitudes toward the policy of multiculturalism. Specifically, the study focuses on two research questions: (1) what is the extent of support for the policy of multiculturalism and its underlying dimensions?, i.e., the belief that such a policy is in line with Australia's national interest, that the policy has benefitted Australian society, that it serves as a social justice strategy by providing a fair share of society's resources to all Australians, and that it will lead to social cohesion, and (2) what are the correlates of these attitudes? A total of 159 Australian-born respondents (89 males, 70 females) were surveyed. The results obtained indicated a discrepancy between support for the dimensions underlying multiculturalism and support for the policy itself. Specifically, the strong support for the underlying dimensions was not reflected in the moderate support for the overall policy. With regard to the correlates of these attitudes, the concept of ethnocentrism was found to be the only significant predictor, while none of the demographic variables (sex, age, education, and SES) was found to be significantly related to any of the multiculturalism variables. The implications of these findings for a policy of multiculturalism in Australia are discussed.