This study assesses the impact of economic ideology and national culture on the individual work values of managers in the United States, Russia, Japan, and China. The convergence–divergence–crossvergence (CDC) framework was used as a theoretical framework for the study, while the Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) was used to operationalize our investigation of managerial work values across these four countries. The findings largely support the crossvergence perspective, while also confirming the role of national culture. Implications from the findings are drawn for the convergence–divergence–crossvergence of values, as well as for the feasibility of multidomestic or global strategies for a corporate culture. Journal of International Business Studies (2008) 39, 8–26. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400330

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This paper raises the question and provides empirical evidence regarding the status of the evolution of the state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) in China today. In this study, we compare the SOEs to domestic private‐owned enterprises (POEs) and foreign‐controlled businesses (FCBs) in the context of their organizational cultures. While a new ownership form, many of the POEs evolved from former collectives that reflect the traditional values of Chinese business. Conversely, the FCBs are much more indicative of the large global MNCs. Therefore, we look at the SOEs in the context of these two reference points. We conclude that the SOEs of today have substantially transformed to approximate a configuration desired by the Chinese government when it began the SOE transformation a couple of decades ago to make them globally competitive. The SOEs of today appear to be appropriately described as China's economic dynamic dynamo for the future. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This study assessed the differences and similarities in values among practicing managers in the United States, Hong Kong, and the People's Republic of China. The Chinese Value Survey (CVS), an instrument based on Eastern cultural values, was used instead of the typically used Western instruments. Discriminant analysis was used to identify which of four CVS dimensions accounted for the significant differences among the three subject groups. The models of the discriminant analysis are discussed and compared with the hypothesized relationships among the three countries. The findings indicate that three CVS dimensions-Integration, Confucian Work Dynamism, and Human Heartedness-discriminated among the groups.