More than 300 cases of Angelman Syndrome (AS) have been reported. AS is still considered a clinical diagnosis because only approximately 80% of those individuals who meet the clinical criteria will have a maternal deletion of chromosome 15q11-13. Of the reported cases of AS, very few are of adults with AS. We present our findings on 11 adults with AS identified in a long-term residential care facility for persons with severe developmental disabilities. The diagnosis of AS was not recognized at the time of their admission but was established as part of our evaluation. Thus, there may be an underestimate of the true incidence of AS especially in adults with severe developmental disabilities.
For analog signal applications, lithium niobate Mach-Zehnder modulators must be biased at the V /2 operating point to achieve maximum dynamic range and minimum signal distortion. Even a slight deviation from this optimum bias point causes severe reduction in the available dynamic range. Because of device instabilities, the bias voltage for the optimum operating point may drift with time-requiring constant readjustments. The automatic bias controller described in this paper automatically generates the desired bias voltage to maintain the optimum operating point-even in the presence of modulator drift. This bias controller operates with only one optical tap from the modulator output and is insensitive to variations in the absolute optical intensity level.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.