No abstract
The article deals with the representation of Italian pronunciation in five contemporary dictionaries for young Slovenian learners. As the use of a dictionary not only stimulates the development of lexical competence, but can also serve as a useful means for pronunciation learning, the article investigates five categories representing phonetic-phonological features in a dictionary: introduction to phonetics/phonology (e.g. a pronunciation guide), phonetic transcription, phonemes, consonant length and accent. The representation of these features in a dictionary for young learners should be clear and coherent, and in some cases a dictionary (especially a dictionary intended for the youngest users) should also featureaudio pronunciations. The five dictionaries analysed are fragmentary with regard to the pronunciation: only one dictionary includes audio recordings (although the relation between the spelling and the pronunciation remains unclear, as it does not include a pronunciation guide); two dictionaries include deficient phonological transcriptions and incomplete pronunciation guides; one dictionary contains only the Italian alphabet with corresponding phonemes, while another dictionary is without any elements that could familiarize a Slovenian learner with Italian pronunciation.
The aim of the article is to determine and to analyse translation equivalents of the Bulgarian lexical item дето in Slovene translations of five Bulgarian novels. After the introductory overview of the uses of дето (with a contrastive Bulgarian-Slovene perspective) and the functional-semantic analysis of all the occurrences of дето (including само дето and освен дето) in the novels analysed, their Slovene translation counterparts were extracted and analysed functionally, semantically, as well as quantitatively. The most frequent function of дето in the analysed novels is that of the absolute relativizer, followed by дето as a causal and a locative conjunction, and a relativizer with a concessive meaning; дето is also a part of two complex conjunctions, with само дето indicating limitation-contrast or unfoundedness, and освен дето signalling limitation. In addition, дето is found in the parenthetical clause дето се казва ‘as the saying goes’. The translation equivalents show a higher diversity in comparison with the source text forms. Bulgarian дето, само дето and освен дето have – within separate functional-semantic categories – a broad array of functional-semantic, lexical and structural Slovene translation equivalents: pronouns (mainly relative), various conjunctions, omissions, modal particles, adverbs, and clauses. The analysis has shown that дето (with само дето and освен дето) does not have an analogous lexical counterpart in Slovene. Moreover, translators frequently depart from the semantic, syntactic and stylistic features of the source text.
Razprava obravnava vezljivost glagolov védenja, tj. umeti (z drugotnim nedovršnikom umevati), vedeti in znati, v zgodovini slovenskega knjižnega jezika. Raziskavo sestavljajo pomenska opredelitev glagolov, vzpostavitev pomenskih in vezavnostnih vzorcev, določitev njihove stabilnosti, razvojnih značilnosti in konkurenčnih razmerij. Po pomenih so primerjane vezljivostne značilnosti med glagoli.The paper discusses the development of valency for the verbs of knowing, i.e., umeti (with its secondary imperfective umevati), vedeti and znati, in the history of Slovenian literary language. In the study the verb meanings are defined, within every meaning the semantic and government patterns are determined. The patterns are analysed as to their stability, developmental characteristics, and competition with one another. Within every meaning the valency characteristics of the analysed verbs are compared.
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