The dependence of the conductivity of water‐propylenecarbonate emulsions on volume fraction
f
of the dispersed phase, on the conductivities of the continuous phase
kc
, and of the discontinuous phase
kd
, has been measured in the ranges of
00.2
neither Maxwell's equation nor Bruggemann's approximation represents the behavior of data satisfactorily. In an attempt to take into account the interaction of fields around particles of the dispersed phase, a simple approximation is proposed, based on Maxwell's equation. In the range of conductivities investigated in the present study the new equation represents the conductivity of emulsions with reasonable accuracy.
Precise conductivity measurements on models sectioned out from a cubic lattice of spheres in a continuous medium indicate that the effective conductance of such a system deviates from the values predicted by Lord Rayleigh's analytic solution of this potential distribution problem. Deviations become particularly significant when the spheres approach close packing, and when the conductance of spheres is much greater than that of the continuum. By use of a different function for potential, and by consideration of higher terms in the series expression for the potential in the continuous phase, Rayleigh's results are modified, yielding an analytical expression that represents effective conductance satisfactorily in the concentration region approaching close packing.
The strengths and self-broadened half widths of 18 lines of the first overtone band of hydrogen fluoride have been measured using a direct measurement method. The lines were assumed to have the Lorentz or combination Lorentz-Doppler shape. Matrix elements have been calculated for a dipole moment function of the form p(r) = & M,(r-r,)'. Best values of M, and M, were found to be M, = 1.51 x lo-"'esu and M, =-3.74x 10-3esu/cm for a rotating Morse oscillator and M, = 1.52 x 10-i" esu and M, =-2.15 x lo-'esu/cm for the rotating anharmonic oscillator. Line widths were calculated using the Anderson theory. The first-order effect of the vibrational quantum number on the half widths has been taken into account, and a comparison with measurements on the pure rotation and fundamental bands has been made. The measurements show good agreement with theory in that the half widths tend to decrease with increasing Au. Also in agreement with theory, measured values in the P branch are greater than in the R branch for moderate values of Im(. As [ml increases and the shorter range forces become more important, the R-branch widths tend to become greater than the corresponding lines in the P branch.
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