Cervical spondylolisthesis indicates instability of the spine and can lead to pain, radiculopathy, myelopathy and vertebral artery stenosis. Currently degenerative cervical spondylolisthesis is a wait-and-watch condition with no treatment guidelines. A literature review and discussion will be provided. 8 females presented with neck pain, disability, and history of motor vehicle collision. Radiographs revealed abnormal cervical alignment, spinal canal narrowing, and spondylolistheses. After 30 sessions of Chiropractic BioPhysics® care over 12 weeks, patients reported improved symptoms and disabilities. Radiographs revealed improvements in cervical alignment, spondylolistheses, and spinal canal diameter. Motor vehicle collision may cause instability and abnormal alignment of the cervical spine leading to cervical spondylolisthesis. Improving spinal alignment may be an effective treatment to reduce vertebral subluxation and cervical spondylolistheses and improve neck disability as a result of improved spinal alignment.
Introduction: Cervical Spondylolisthesis (CS) in children is under-studied. This cross-sectional study reports the CS prevalence in children. Materials & Methods: Subjects were selected from a private practice. Inclusion criteria: 0-17 years of age; documented demographics and health complaints; neutral lateral cervical (NLC) radiographs; and CS. Exclusion criteria: pseudosubluxation. Results: 342 NLC radiographs were analyzed. 73 (21.3%) had CS greater than 2.0 mm. 42 (57.5%) had no musculoskeletal complaints. 8 (2.3%) had the presence of a CS greater than 3.5 mm. 5 (62.5%) had no musculoskeletal complaints. Discussion: Pediatric populations endure various traumas. Pediatric cervical spine biomechanics has an increased risk of upper cervical spine injury. Regular spinal radiographic exams may help identify serious spinal conditions in their presymptomatic state. Conclusion: CS in pediatric populations is under-studied. CS is present in children and adolescents with and without symptoms.
ORIGINAL RESEARCHSpondylolisthesis is a vertebral subluxation that refers to a significant transverse structural displacement of one vertebral body on the vertebra below. Spondylolisthesis is detected, analyzed, measured, and monitored by radiograph. It is considered uncommon in the cervical spine when compared to the lumbar spine and is now being recognized as an understudied condition [1].Spondylolisthesis is categorized into two main types: congenital and acquired spondylolisthesis. Congenital spondylolisthesis is caused by a failure in development in the vertebrae. Acquired spondylolisthesis refers to a defect in the pars interarticularis caused by degeneration, trauma, pathology, and (or) surgical complications [2]. "Cervical spondylolisthesis prevalence has been reported as low as 5.2% to 12%, whereas that of lumbar spondylolisthesis is 15.8% to 19.7%. Thus, cervical
INTRODUCTION
Background:
Spinal radiographic analyses are valid and reliable practices used for patient management in healthcare. Technologies and tools used for these analyses need to be valid and reliable.
Objective:
This study investigates repeated accuracy for validity and intra- and inter-examiner reliability of computer-aided lateral spinal radiograph measurements using PostureRay® EMR software.
Methods:
Rectangle renderings representing lateral spinal radiographic views were created to remove examiner interpretation of anatomical landmarks as performed on actual radiographs to examine the objective repeated accuracy of PostureRay® software. A blind, randomized, repeated measure design was performed using four examiners trained and experienced with the Harrison Posterior Tangent method of measurement. Each examiner analyzed the spine renderings using a hand-drawn and PostureRay® method multiple times. A fully crossed design whereby examiners performed multiple assessments per rendering using each analysis method was used to assess intra- and inter-examiner reliability within each method and a formal comparison of the two methods.
Results:
Using hand-drawn and PostureRay® methods, examiners displayed very high intra-examiner reliability with correlation values greater than 0.999 for each combination of trials. PostureRay® method showed consistent accuracy of measurements. Further, there was no statistical difference in average concordance between hand-drawn and PostureRay® methods for the lateral cervical, thoracic, and thoracolumbosacral spinal regions.
Conclusion:
This study reports a very high degree of intra- and inter-examiner reliability of radiographic line drawing methods and establishes concurrent validity of PostureRay® EMR software in determining angles and displacements of lateral spinal alignment as an equivalent method to the hand-drawn method.
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